Meeting Newton in the Amusement Park

Amusement park is the childrens happy kingdom， roller coaster， splash mountain， brave hearts of twins， bungee jumping， pirate ship… many of the amusement project make people experience infinite stimulation and joy. But you know what， in your screams and laughter， in fact， you have unexpectedly met Newton， the founder of classical physics many times. Wondering where you met this genius？ Come and read， here is the secret！

Roller Coaster

--- Up and Down with Extremely High Speed

Entering the amusement park， roller coaster that is full of breathtaking three-dimensional space super high-speed movement， can often the most likely arise the interest of youth to have the adventure.

Able to go through the whole process even with no power

Roller coaster is also known as the automobile above the clouds. Although the global roller coaster is of various kinds， but no matter which， it has no power itself. Although the roller coaster is of no power， its speed is not low， with the maximum speed of up to 240 km. Some roller coasters from more than 130 meters of high-altitude dive down， only need 1 second to accelerate within 100 km， while the world's car Ferrari also need 3.1 seconds. So， where did the roller coasters power come from？ Originally， the roller coaster started by mechanical traction or ejection， etc.， so that it climbed from the lowest point to the highest point， the other forms of energy lay in the largest gravity of the roller coaster - this is the full energy needed by the roller coaster. The formation of the potential energy of gravity is because there is a force between the objects of mutual attraction - gravitation. Look， we are here with the gravitational discoverer Newton.

Free converting among different energies

The roller coaster at the commanding heights gets a downward acceleration under gravity. Newton's second law reveals the effect of force. With the roller coaster from the highest point of rapid decline， the potential energy quickly reduces while kinetic energy increases rapidly. At the lowest point， according to the law of conservation of energy， the energy of the roller coaster does not disappear， but the potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the roller coaster （ignoring friction and air resistance）. When moving to the lowest point， the roller coaster will not stop as it uses the kinetic energy and hence rushes to the next high ground， where kinetic energy is quickly converted to the potential energy of the roller coaster.

Why no danger while hanging upside down？

When the roller coaster crosses the top of the vertical elevation track， people and itself are in an inverted state， which is quite frightening. In fact， roller coaster through the inverted suspension section， people and itself doing high-speed circular movement have gained a greater inertia. In the inertia， they are close to the orbital movement. At this point， even if removing the safety gears fixing people and the roller coaster， they will not fall. Here， Newton met with everyone in the form of inertia. Of course， for safety reasons， the operation is not allowed to remove any safety gear.

The height of the high point gradually reduces

In fact， as the friction and air resistance can not be ignored， the roller coaster has to consume a certain amount of mechanical energy to overcome the friction and air resistance. According to the energy conservation， roller coaster mechanical energy will continue to decrease in the movement. As the energy is reduced， and the mass and gravity acceleration are not changed， the high points that the roller coaster can cross can only be reduced.

Splash Mountain

--- Riding the Torrent， Splash the Waves

Similar to the roller coaster， the boat and water of Splash Mountain are also mechanically raised to different heights， and then by gravity， going down along the waterway， changing the gravity potential energy into kinetic one needed by the downward cruise ships stream， so that it can rush downwards the lower waterway with higher speed， hence splashing white waves at both sides， giving people the feeling of endless fun and cool. It seems that in the water project， Newton also accompanies everyone to play together.

Brave Hearts of Twins

--- Up and Down， Endless Fun

Brave Hearts of Twins is also known as space shuttle， vertical limit or jumping machine， etc.， more thrilling than the roller coaster.

Be an astronaut

When people sit in the hands of heaven and earth seats， with 2 ～ 4g acceleration in about 2 seconds time to quickly rise to 20 to 30 layers of the top of the tower， there will be the sense of overweight. When the seat carrying people to close to 1g of acceleration decreases， people will have the sense of weightlessness. The rapid movement of Brave Hearts of Twins will make people initially experience the astronauts take the rocket off and ride back to the ground to withstand the senses of overweight and weightlessness. However， astronauts sometimes bear the phenomenon of overweight to 8g， a harsh overweight very dangerous for ordinary people.

Why there are senses of overweight and weightlessness

The object exerts its gravitational force on the support， and the support also has an upward support for the object， which is the relationship between the force and the reaction force of Newton's third law. The pressure on the object is the weight of the object. When the support carries the object upwards， the support must， in addition to continuing to bear the weight of the object， must give the object an upward force to obtain an upward acceleration， where the support of the object to the object is greater than the weight of the object （or Say that the weight of the object to the support is greater than the weight of the object） - that is， overweight. On the other hand， when the support carries the object downwards， the weight of the object to the support is less than the weight （or even disappear） of the object. See？ Newton is at any time waiting for everyone.

Bungee Jumping

--- Light like a Swallow， Handsome as the Monkey King

Bungee jumpers， under the action of gravity， with 1g of gravity acceleration from tens of meters high altitude free fall. People in the bungee jumping can clearly feel the state of complete weightlessness. Of course， whether it is Brave Hearts of Twins or bungee jumping movement， when the human body is about to be close to the ground or the water， it will be through the mechanical or tensile rubber belt deformation， to gradually slow down to ensure the purpose of safety. This is different from the free movement of stones. In bungee jumping， Newton is with those brave heroes in the form of gravity.

Bumper Cars

--- Dancing with the Cars， Showing Skills of Racing

Powered by the skyline supplier

Because of different power supply， bumper car is divided into two types： grid bumper car and battery bumper car. The power of the grid bumper car is powered by the skyline and the ground power supplier. Over the skyline and the ground laid the the metal plates of outside insulation， respectively connected with both sides of the power. The rear of the spring antenna at the end of the car and the air metal plate form a sliding connection. The bottom is equipped with brushes connected with the metal plate on the ground. After the console closes the gate， the upper and lower metal plates， the power supply and the bumper car constitute a closed circuit， and the motor converts the electric energy into mechanical energy， which drives the bumper car continuously.

The force of bumping

When the bumper car bumps， it is as if there is a strong force throwing the passengers on the car to the opposite. With the protection of seat belts， they can avoid the danger of being throwing away. This phenomenon is because people have encountered with inertia found by Newton. Before the collision， the passengers on boardmove in the same speed as the car. But during the bumping which makes two cars stop， the passenger's upper body is not integrated with the car. According to Newtons first law， under the action of inertia， the human body continues to maintain the original movement trend， hence fluttering to the front.

The bumping of bumper cars contains initiative and negative bumpings， but the Newtons third law tells us that when being bumped by the initiative one， the negative one will also have an equivalent bumping force back. So the strength of bumping forces have nothing to do with whether it is initiative or not.

Pirate Ship

--- Lingering Forward and Back， Challenging your Courage

The pirate ship， by means of the motor， converts the electrical energy into the mechanical energy of the hull by overcoming the hull's gravity and gradually moving the hull from the lowest point of equilibrium to the highest point on the side of the equilibrium point. Turning off the motor， relying on the role of gravity， the pirate ship from the highest point around the hull hanging point， acts as a single pendulum， which quickly falls， changing the potential gravity energy of the highest point into kinetic energy during the falling process. When reaching the lowest point of the equilibrium position， the pirate ship that can not be stopped because of inertia， crosses the equilibrium point of the lowest point and swings to the other side until it reaches almost the same height as the previous side. And then， under the influence of the potential energy of gravity， the hanging point around the pirate ship falls again. With such repeatedly swinging， it makes the passengers feel as if immersed in the storm. In the pirate ship， we can still see the charm of Newton's gravitational and second law.

Extended Reading：

Real Car Collision

is Never a Game

Bumper car of low quality and low speed in the amusement park has already let passengers experience a significant feel of bumping， then in reality， what is its difference with the real car collision？ Take 1-ton mini-QQ car as an example， when it hits a parked car at the low speed of 40 km / h （not considering the relative movement of the situation）， the impulse will be thousands of times or even tens of thousands of times that of the bumper cars， not to mention those tonnage cars with higher speed.

It turns out that there are so many applications of classical physics knowledge based on Newtons three laws in the amusement park， which is probably never been thought of by people before. Now， we should have some understanding of Newton， so invite your friends to the amusement park to find his trace！