詩是情懷，也是境界

龐茹

一

燈下閱覽，“獨立橋頭人不識，一星如月看多時”。

關于讀詩，現在還有什么用？

前段時間央視播出《中國詩詞大會》第二季，卻再次掀起讀詩的大潮。從《詩經》開始，包括楚辭、漢魏古詩，唐宋與明清詩詞，一直延續到現當代名家之作，時間跨越數千年。“青青子衿，悠悠我心”的純真質樸、“路漫漫其修遠兮”的上下求索、“東臨碣石、以觀滄海”的雄心壯志、“心遠地自偏”的隱士風流、“黃河之水天上來”的開拓氣象、“梧桐更兼細雨，到黃昏點點滴滴”的婉約纏綿……千百年來，中國人就是從這些意味無窮的詩詞中得到滋養，代代相傳、生生不息。

二

經典的文學藝術作品除了具有深刻的哲思以外，還要有審美價值，對于詩詞來說尤其如此。《中國詩詞大會》的比賽中，使用過中唐詩人賈島《憶江上吳處士》的頷聯“秋風吹渭水，落葉滿長安”。這詩句純粹寫景，透出幾分涼意，寄托著深深的無奈和惆悵，曾經感染了許多悲緒之人。后世，宋人周邦彥《齊天樂》詞“渭水西風，長安亂葉，空憶詩情宛轉”，元人白樸《梧桐雨》雜劇“傷心故園，西風渭水，落日長安”，都是脫胎于此。近人王國維《人間詞話》講審美，詩有“有我之境”和“無我之境”。“秋風吹渭水，落葉滿長安”當是無我之境的佳構。

“落花人獨立，微雨燕雙飛”，人們大凡以為這是宋詞人晏幾道《臨江仙》詞中名句，不過點評嘉賓、南京師范大學酈波教授指出，原句出自唐人翁宏《春殘》詩，因為實在太美，晏幾道就直接化用過來，使得這句詩流傳更廣。

三

詩詞具有審美價值，可以塑造人格、鍛造品性。宋大家蘇軾一生有起伏，坎坷中依然胸襟開闊、情懷浪漫，所以能寫出“大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風流人物”這樣的豪放詞句。同時，蘇軾也有著作為一個男人的深情厚誼，他對幾任妻子的感情都非常深厚，在原配妻子去世十年后，寫下了“十年生死兩茫茫，不思量，自難忘”悼亡之詞。所以，有人評價蘇軾“從來不失浪漫與尊嚴”。

至于像唐之杜甫“安得廣廈千萬間，大庇天下寒士俱歡顏”、南宋之陸游“王師北定中原日，家祭無忘告乃翁”、南宋之岳飛“待重頭、收拾舊山河，朝天闕”，這些句子中體現出的，都是升華的人格，很多人也正是從中感悟魅力、汲取勇氣和力量。比如，《中國詩詞大會》的選手、農民大姐白茹云，遭受病痛苦難，但出場即念出“千磨萬擊還堅勁，任爾東西南北風”；年輕的獨臂女孩張超凡，雖然遺憾離場，卻能從容道出“行到水窮處，坐看云起時”。

四

有人說得對：“身為中國人，中華文化在我們每個人身上的烙印終歸會顯現出它的力量。”天涯明月，海上此時。許多海外游子會因為一同吟出一句詩而熱淚盈眶，這就是共有的文化基因引起的靈魂共鳴和震顫。《中國詩詞大會》中有一首清詞人納蘭性德《長相思》詞，“山一程，水一程，身向榆關那畔行，夜深千帳燈。風一更，雪一更，聒碎鄉心夢不成，故園無此聲”，抒發著相思的綿長心境，纏綿而不頹廢。王國維評價“容若詞自然真切”。

《中國詩詞大會》的走紅背后，正是人們對關懷心靈世界的一種希冀。詩詞中，有著一種無關財富、不分高低理念的心靈世界；詩詞中有著人類相通的情感——喜怒哀樂、悲歡離合。

五

在現今泥沙俱下的綜藝節目中，《中國詩詞大會》不啻是一股清流；雖然也有人提出意見，認為詩詞不能只是背誦，而且入選的詩詞并不能真正代表中國古典詩詞的精華。但不管怎樣，背誦經典是基礎，而且節目也的確激發了大家對詩詞的熱情，只是不能僅僅停留在這個階段，而應在誦讀中更好地去理解詩詞蘊含的深意、感受詩詞的意境。

今天，我們更應該考慮的是該如何從古詩中得到更多的滋養，該如何傳承古典文化，該如何通過閱讀來提升自身乃至整個社會的文化水平及審美水平。

Many people， with a pragmatist attitude toward life， would probably question the value of poems in the present time and the present world. “Who is standing still on the bridge looking at the bright star for such a long time？ ” Some would probably question the sanity of the stargazer on the bridge.

However， so many people have responded to Chinese poetry recently that the second season of the screened from January 29 to February 7 on CCTV became a national hit. Comments and discussions have raved in news media and internet social communities across the country.

China has a long history of poetry， with the oldest poems recorded in collections more than 2，500 years ago. What makes these poems miraculously relevant today is that most of them present no language barriers， because the written words of these poems remain largely unchanged today and can be easily understood by people with primary education. Poems written 2，500 years ago are still quoted today， let alone those composed and sung in the Tang （618-907） and the Song （960-1279）， the dynasties that witnessed the splendid climax of the ancient Chinese poetry. These poems cover a great range of human experiences and emotions， and explore the intimacy between man and nature. Opening readers eyes to so many things and events and possibilities and emotions， these poems have nourished the Chinese nation and will continue to nourish our future generations. It can be said that we are the poems we write.

In addition to the philosophical thinking in poems， Chinese poems provide a comprehensive system of aesthetics. Many lines that got quoted in the second season of the this year are descriptions of nature that integrate human emotions.

In China， poems are not just literary works that sound beautifully and inspire imagination. They shape and make characteristics and personalities. In terms of ancient poems， many poets are considered great not only because of the great poems they wrote but also because of their nobility. Take Su Dongpo for example. Arguably the greatest poet of the Song， Su experienced ups and downs in his government career and he even lived in exile for ten years. His poems highlight a poet of romance， dignity， optimism， charm， and splendor. Some critics say that Su Dongpo never lost dignity and poetic sentiments. Some poems give readers courage and strength and comfort and see readers through difficulties of life.

Poems link Chinese people at home and abroad. All Chinese people are born with the culture and it shows through our lives. Chinese poems help make people identify with each other and recognize their ancestral roots back home. Read a poem aloud somewhere far away from home and you can find tears swell into your eyes. There are numerous poems in our cultural repertoire that are tearjerkers for those of us far away from home.

The popularity of the television program is really about the inner world. Chinese poetry is a world of equality where every one of us can find spiritual comfort no matter whether we are poor or rich. These poems offer universal experiences： happiness， anger， sorrows， and joys， grief， hope and despair that everybody understands.

Theis indeed a phenomenon of all kinds of entertainment shows on television. Though some people may find faults with the way poems are featured at the show， the program has inspired many people to read poems， become curious about the way poems touch their hearts. Love is the first step toward something bigger such as carrying on the traditional Chinese poetry， enhancing the overall cultural literacy of the whole society， and promoting Chinese aesthetics.