并列連詞三姐妹and， but， so

吳榮華

英語中的and， but， so是最常用、最易混的三個(gè)并列連詞，在高考中出現(xiàn)頻率極高。三者如同三姐妹，彼此聯(lián)系又相互區(qū)別。and表示聯(lián)合或遞進(jìn)，意為“和，也，而且，然后，于是”等；but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”；so表示結(jié)果，意為“因此”。此外，表示“或者，否則”的or也是常考的連詞，要特別留意。

一、書面表達(dá)范文佳句欣賞

（2016全國Ⅰ卷書面表達(dá)的范文）I know you have a busy schedule， but Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my application letter and resume and make necessary changes. 我知道你工作繁忙，但是如果你能抽時(shí)間幫我仔細(xì)檢查我的申請書和個(gè)人簡歷，我將不勝感激。

（2016全國Ⅱ卷書面表達(dá)的范文）I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. 我知道你能拍出效果好的照片，并且你也一直想為環(huán)保做些有益的事件。

（2013天津卷書面表達(dá)的范文）First， my English is very good and Im open - minded and warm-hearted， so Im getting along well with everyone. 首先，我的英語很好，而且我性格外向、有一副熱心腸，因此我和每個(gè)人相處得很好。

（2013山東卷書面表達(dá)的范文）I received your email last week， but I am busy preparing for my final exam， which is vital for me， so I didnt reply to you without delay. 我上周收到你的郵件，但是我一直忙于準(zhǔn)備期末考試，這對我很重要，因此我沒有及時(shí)回復(fù)你。

二、語法改錯(cuò)真題例析

1.（2016四川卷語法填空）It was time for her to have a new baby， _______ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

解析：從it was also time for可以判斷出兩個(gè)分句之間是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故填and，意為“而且”。

2.（2014全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）There were many people waiting at the bus stop， ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

解析：“其中一些人看起來很焦急、失望”與“有很多人在車站等車”為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故填and。

3.（2016全國Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

解析：句意為“每天他確保新鮮的蔬菜和高品質(zhì)的油用來烹調(diào)。”fresh vegetables與high quality oil應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，故改or為and。

4.（2016全國Ⅱ卷短文改錯(cuò)）If we stay at home， it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

解析：句意為“如果我們待在家里，很舒服，而且也沒有必要花錢。”故改but為and。

5.（2016四川卷短文改錯(cuò)）Mom has a full-time job， so she has to do most of the housework.

解析：因“母親做全職工作”與“她不得不做大部分家務(wù)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故改so為but。

三、鞏固練習(xí)

語法填空

1.（2014湖南卷） Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， _____ there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.

2.（2008廣東卷） He was very tired from doing this for a whole day， _____ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.

3.（2013廣州一模）“We love China and we love children，”Donity said，“ _____ we are happy to do this. ”

4.（2009深圳二模）Looking back， I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear； overcome it， _____ we will be able to achieve our goals.

短文改錯(cuò)

5.（2016四川卷）She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.

6.（2015四川卷）In fact， I dont like to go any more， so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.

7.（2014陜西卷）We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.

8.（2014四川卷）If you notice that someone is missing and hurt， tell your teacher immediately.

9.（2014浙江卷）A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset.

10.（2014大綱卷）The more friends we have， the more we can learn from one another， but the more pleasure we can share together.

11.（2013大綱卷）My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.

12.（2013陜西卷）I wanted to give up， and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.

13.（2013浙江卷）His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmates， my school or just everything else I love in the world.

14.（2013四川卷）We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.

15.（2010全國I卷）All I had to do was to write a story or present it.

16.（2012全國大綱卷）What s more， we can go to work by bike once and twice a week， and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil.

17.（2012陜西卷）It is in the downtown area， but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

18.（2012浙江卷）I called my parents， so I did not tell them what had happened.

19.（2011全國大綱Ⅰ卷）I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.

書面表達(dá)

20.（2013全國Ⅱ卷） 很高興再次見到珍妮，但是我不想和她一起度過一整天。

I was glad to meet Jenny again， _______________________.

21.（2013吉林期末）我叫劉陽，一位十八歲的男生，在吉林希望高中學(xué)習(xí)，性格隨和且獨(dú)立性強(qiáng)，因此對我來說適應(yīng)新環(huán)境很容易。

I am Liu Yang， a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin， who ____________________________________________________.

22. 他聰明勤奮，富有想象力和創(chuàng)造力，因此，他一定能勝任這份工作。

He is intelligent，diligent，imaginative and creative，______________________________________.

23.（2016全國Ⅰ卷） 我打算在暑期去我市一家外資公司做兼職，并且已寫好了申請書和個(gè)人簡歷。

Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation，

.

24.（2007年全國II卷） 本酒店24小時(shí)提供熱水服務(wù)并且游泳池可以隨時(shí)免費(fèi)使用。

Hot water is available 24 hours every day in our hotel______________________________.

25.（2011全國Ⅰ卷） 有人告訴我學(xué)習(xí)中心為學(xué)生提供幫助，于是我渴望得到你們的幫助。

I was told the Learning Center provides help for students _________________________________________________.

鞏固練習(xí)的參考答案

語法填空：1. but 2. but 3. and 4. and

短文改錯(cuò)：5. or→and 6. so→but 7. but→and 8. and→or 9. but→and 10. but→and 11. but→and 12. and→but 13. or→and 14. so—or 15. or→and 16. once and twice→once or twice 17. but→and/so 18. so→but 19. but→and

書面表達(dá)

20. but I didnt want to spend all day with her

21. is easy-going and quite independent so it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment

22. so he is sure to be qualified for this job

23. and I have just completed my application letter and resume

24. and you can have free access to the swimming pool any time you want

25. and Im anxious to get help from you

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青