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廣西地衣新記錄屬

2017-04-29 00:00:00賈澤峰李健楊夢竹
廣西植物 2017年2期

Abstract: The lichen genus Carbacanthographis is reported as new to Guangxi, characterized by the closed disc, carbonized exciple, labia covered with a distinct white pruinose layer, warty periphysoids, and I- or weakly I+, muriform or transseptate ascospores. The species C. marcescens is characterized by the conspicuous lirellae, the laterally carbonized exciple, the hyaline ascospores muriform with (12.5-20)×(5-7.5) μm size, and the presence of salazinic acid. The specimens examined come from Mt. Shengtang, Jinxiu, Guangxi. So far, only one species reported in the rare genus from China. The species was firstly found in the natural environment and inland of Guangxi, China. Which is very important to the flora study, protection and using of the species resource.

Key words: lichenized Ascomycota, Ostropales, Graphidaceae, taxonomy

CLC number: Q949.34Document code: AArticle ID: 10003142(2017)02023104

摘要: 該文報道了文字衣科(Graphidaceae)地衣一廣西新記錄屬——炭刺文衣屬(Carbacanthographis )。該屬主要特征是子囊盤面閉合,果殼炭化,盤唇具白色粉霜層,類緣絲具疣,子囊孢子磚壁型或橫隔雙透鏡型,I-或微I+。枯炭刺文衣,標本采自廣西金秀圣堂山,該種特征是線盤明顯、盤被兩側炭化、子囊孢子無色磚壁型、孢子大小(12.5-20)×(5-7.5) μm、地衣體含有水楊嗪酸。該屬是中國稀有屬,迄今僅有1種報道。該種首次在內陸自然環境中發現,這對于炭刺文衣屬及其類群的區系研究、物種保護和利用具有很重要的意義。

關鍵詞: 地衣型子囊菌, 厚頂盤目, 文字衣科,分類學

The lichen genus Carbacanthographis Staiger Kalb, belonging to Graphidaeceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, comprises 25 species, distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical regions (Staiger, 2002; Kalb, 2004; Archer, 2006, 2007, 2009; Lücking et al, 2009; Bungartz et al, 2010; Sharma et al, 2010; Tripp et al, 2010; Sharma Khadilkar, 2011; Lücking, 2013; Kukwa et al, 2013). As a continuation of an ongoing taxonomic revision of Graphidaceae in China (Miao et al, 2007; Jia Wei, 2009; Jia et al, 2011; Jia Kalb, 2013; Jia Kalb, 2014; Cui et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2015; Xu et al, 2015). Some small genera including this genus of the family were included. This is the first report of Carbacanthographis with a species C. marcescens (Fée) Staiger Kalb from Guangxi, China. Aptroot Sipman (2001) reported Graphina marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. from Hong Kong, now the species as synonymy of C. marcescens (Fée) Staiger Kalb (Staiger 2002).

1Materials and Methods

The specimens are deposited in the Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University (SDNU). Dissecting microscope (OLYMPUS SZX12) and light microscopes (OLYMPUS BX51 NIKON Eclipse55i) were used for the morphological and anatomical studies. Sections of thalli and ascomata were mounted in water, 10% KOH (K), and Lugol’s solution (I). The lichen substances were identified by thinlayer chromatography (TLC) using standardized methods (Culberson Kristensson, 1970; Culberson, 1972; White James, 1985).

2Results and Analysis

2.1 Carbacanthographis Staiger Kalb

Biblthca. Lichenol. 85: 98 (2002). Type species: Carbacanthographis chionophora (Redinger) Staiger Kalb.——Graphis chionophora Redinger.Fig. 1Carbacanthographis marcescens (specimen: DF Jiang 20107131)A. Thallus (Scales=1 mm); B. Section of an ascoma

(Scale=50 μm); C. The upper part of ascoma with periphysoids (Scale=50 μm); D. Ascus with ascospores (Scale=20 μm).

Thallus is pale fawn to greenish brown, smooth or uneven, dull to glossy. Ascomata lirelliform, conspicuous, sessile, straight or curved, rarely branched; lips closed with white pruinose layer. Proper exciple laterally or completely carbonized, covered by a conspicuous thalline layer. Hymenium not inspersed, I. Ascospores hyaline, transversely septate to submuriform, I or I+ pale blue.

Chemistry: Depsidones present.

Substrate: Barks.

Distribution: Tropical to subtropical.

The genus is characterized by a convergent, carbonized exciple, labia covered with a distinct white pruinose layer in the upper part, warty periphysoids, and I- or weakly I+, muriform or transseptate ascospores. Carbacanthographis is morphologically similar to the allied genus Acanthothecis Clem. in having periphysoids, but differs in having carbonized exciple. It is also similar to Graphis Adans., in having a welldeveloped, carbonized, convergent exciple, but the latter differs in lacking periphysoids and having the strongly I+ ascospores.

2.2 Carbacanthographis marcescens (Fée) Staiger KalbFig. 1 AD

Biblthca. Lichenol. 85: 109 (2002).——Graphis marcescens Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): 38 (1825).——Graphina marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg., Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genève 29(8): 42 (1887).

Thallus corticate, greyish green to grey, surface uneven and dull. Apothecia lirelliform, conspicuous, white, sessile (completely raised above thallus surface), partially straight or curved, rarely branched, 1-3.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide, with a conspicuous powdery thalline margin (often concolorous with thallus). Labia entire and closed. Disc concealed. Proper exciple laterally carbonized, concealed in the thalline margin. Hypothecium hyaline, not inspersed, 50-80 μm high, I-. Paraphyses simple. Periphysoids short, distinctly warty at tips. Ascospores 8 per ascus, ellipsoid, hyaline, muriform, 12.5-20 μm long, 5-7.5 μm wide, 4-5/1-2locular, I+ weak blue.

Chemistry: salazinic acid, norstictic acid and protocetraric acid (TLC).

Specimens examined: China. Guangxi: Laibin City, Jinxiu, Mt. Shengtang, 1 400-1 800 m, on barks, 07-08/XII/2010, Ming LI 20106748, 20107054; DaiFeng JIANG 20107131, 20107160; HaiYing WANG 20108054 (SDNU).

Distribution and ecology: Carbacanthographis marcescens is a widely distributed corticolous species. It has been reported in Australia, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, Cuba, USA, Guyana, Cameroon and Brazil (Staiger, 2002; Archer, 2006). Aptroot Sipman (2001) reported it as Graphina marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. from Hong Kong. Our materials were collected on barks from a subtropical montane forest, a habitat similar as those reported outside China. This is the first report of the species from Guangxi, China.

Remarks: Carbacanthographis marcescens is characterized by the conspicuous white lirellae, the laterally carbonized exciple, the small muriform ascospores [(12.5-20) μm long, (5-7.5) μm wide] and the presence of salazinc acid. The size of the species reptorted are: (12-17) × (5-7) μm (Staiger, 2002) and (12-14) × (5-6) μm (Archer, 2006). It is similar to C. salazinica (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, but the latter can be readily differed by the completely carbonized exciples and the larger ascospores [(19-23) μm long, (7-8) μm wide, 6-8/1-2locular] (Archer, 2006).

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge Prof. ZHAO ZunTian for his kind offer of specimen on loan.

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