馬國民
河南
主謂一致是高考頻繁考查的重要考點之一,在備考中,需要掌握其命題規律與答題技巧。
一、高頻考點剖析
1.當or,nor, either...or,neither...nor,not only ...but (also)等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。
【典例】Either my teachers or our headmaster ________ (be)to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall tomorrow.
解析:is?!癊ither...or...”連接的是并列主語,故空格處應與our headmaster保持一致,結合語境可知,is符合題意。
2.當and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物、同一概念或and連接的并列主語前有each,every,many a,no等修飾時,謂語動詞使用單數。
【典例】The writer and teacher ________ (go)through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
解析:has gone??涨暗膬蓚€名詞指的是同一個人,故空格處用單數形式,結合關鍵詞since和語境可知,空格處應用現在完成時。
3.當動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。
【典例1】Memorizing hundreds of English words ________ (be)always a big headache for many students.
解析:is。動名詞短語“Memorizing hundreds of English words”作主語,謂語動詞用單數形式,結合語境可知,空格處應用一般現在時。
【典例2】(改錯)What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
解析:were→was。主語從句“What I liked best”作主語,謂語動詞應用單數形式,故were改為was。
4.當“a (large)quantity of+可數名詞或不可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數,而“(large)quantities of+可數名詞或不可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數。
【典例】It is reported that large quantities of drinking water ________ (need)in the earthquake-hit area every day.
解析:are needed?!發arge quantities of drinking water”作主語,謂語動詞用復數形式,而主語是動作的承受者,結合句尾的狀語和語境可知,空格處應用一般現在時的被動語態。
5.當單復數同形的名詞works,means,species,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese等作主語時,前有a,such a,this,that,each,every等修飾時,表單數含義,謂語動詞用單數;當這些詞前有all,these,many,those等修飾時,表復數含義,謂語動詞用復數。
【典例】So far, every possible means ________ (use)to prevent the air pollution there.
解析:has been used。主語“every possible means”是承受者,且是單數概念,結合句首的狀語和語境可知,空格處應用一般現在時的被動語態。
6.當主語后跟有but,except,including,like,with,as well as,along with,in addition to,rather than,together with等內容時,謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致?!?br>