杜春梅 頓圓圓 王妍 韓月新 張海軍 董錫文



摘要 [目的] 探明旱田改水田后黑土酸堿度及土壤微生物的變化。 [方法] 通過5點采樣法取樣,利用平板菌落計數(shù)法對相關(guān)微生物類群數(shù)量進行研究。 [結(jié)果] 旱田改為水田后,土壤pH顯著上升;細菌和真菌數(shù)量明顯增多,放線菌數(shù)量變化不明顯,纖維素分解菌數(shù)量逐漸下降,在5~10 cm土層,其數(shù)量較旱田顯著降低(P<0.05),有機磷細菌和無機磷細菌數(shù)量略有增加;在0~5 cm土層水田的B/F比旱田顯著降低,但其他土層間B/F差異不大。 [結(jié)論] 短期旱田改水田能初步緩解土壤的酸化問題;旱田改水田后土壤微生物數(shù)量發(fā)生了變化;水田中各土層間B/F較一致,說明土壤微生物類群結(jié)構(gòu)更為穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞 黑土;旱田;水田;pH;微生物
中圖分類號 S154.3 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)06-0103-03
Effects of Turning Dry Land into Paddy Land on pH Value and Groups of Microorganisms in Black Soil
DU Chun-mei1,2,DUN Yuan-yuan1,WANG Yan1,DONG Xi-wen1,2* et al
(1.College of Life Science,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007; 2.Institute of Applied Microbiology,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007)
Abstract [Objective] To explore the changes of microorganisms groups and pH value in black soil after turning dry land into paddy land.[Method] Five points sampling method was adopted to take samples,and tablet colony counting method was used to study the numbers of soil microorganisms. [Result] The results showed that the soil pH value increased significantly after turning dry land into paddy land.The numbers of bacteria and fungi increased significantly,but actinomycetes had no change.Cellulose utilization microorganisms decreased in the depth from 5 to 10 cm significantly(P<0.05).Organic and inorganic phosphorus bacteria increased slightly.B/F value in paddy field decreased obviously than that in dry land,especially in the above depth of soil. [Conclusion] The soil acidification can be remitted in first year after turning dry land into paddy land.The numbers of soil microorganisms change significantly after turning dry land into paddy land.The B/F values among every depth have no difference in paddy field which show that the structure of soil microorganism groups are more stable.
Key words Black soil;Dry land;Paddy land;pH;Microorganisms
東北黑土區(qū)是世界上四大片黑土區(qū)之一[1],為我國重要的商品糧生產(chǎn)基地。但自開墾以來,不合理的施肥和不科學的農(nóng)業(yè)管理,使得東北黑土農(nóng)田面臨土壤肥力下降、土壤酸化等影響農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的嚴峻問題。隨著“旱改水”工程的推進,黑龍江省旱田改水田種植面積越來越大[2],旱田改水田后,勢必引起黑土土壤理化性質(zhì)及微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變。
土壤微生物直接參與土壤的碳、氮循環(huán),其活性和數(shù)量直接影響土壤有機質(zhì)的運轉(zhuǎn)以及作物所需養(yǎng)分的提供及貯存,從而改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),抑制植物病害的發(fā)生[3]。目前,關(guān)于黑土微生物方面的研究很多,但關(guān)于黑土旱田改水田后土壤 pH 及土壤微生物類群結(jié)構(gòu)變化的研究較少。筆者對黑龍江地區(qū)黑土旱田改水田的土壤pH和微生物類群進行研究,以期為黑土的可持續(xù)利用提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗材料
樣品采集于黑龍江省巴彥縣西集鎮(zhèn)靠山屯(水田:127°15′26.94″ E,46°10′31.22″ N,旱田改水田時間為1年;……