劉兆良 臧愛梅 袁忠林
摘要[目的]明確不同苜蓿品種對(duì)蚜蟲的抗性。[方法]在青島地區(qū)
采用蚜情指數(shù)法對(duì)來自國內(nèi)外的32個(gè)苜蓿品種進(jìn)行了田間抗蚜性評(píng)價(jià)。[結(jié)果]蚜情指數(shù)法所確定的不同抗性品種的結(jié)果能夠較好地體現(xiàn)出品種之間的抗性。將32個(gè)品種對(duì)蚜蟲的抗性分為5類,即南澳、Baralfa 421Q、TG4 CW044026、新牧2號(hào)、無名4、Bar003 A12-3136F12、天山苜蓿、WL319HQ和Baralfa 321Q為高感品種;無名3、WL 525Q、新牧1號(hào)、加拿大為感蚜品種;賽迪10、甘農(nóng)4號(hào)、TG3 (CW0530)、敖漢苜蓿、三得利、WL323、無名2和WL343為中抗品種;賽特、Millionaire、5S43、甘農(nóng)1號(hào)、公農(nóng)1號(hào)、無名1、TG7 CW2883、三得菲和中牧3號(hào)為抗性品種;而WL363HQ和Brarlfa 53HQ為高抗品種。[結(jié)論]該研究初步篩選出以WL363HQ和Brarlfa 53HQ為主、適合在青島地區(qū)種植、具有抗蚜性的19個(gè)抗性品種,為科學(xué)利用優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿種質(zhì)資源提供了理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞紫花苜蓿;蚜蟲;抗性;品種
中圖分類號(hào)S433.39文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2017)30-0140-03
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to clear the resistance of alfalfa varieties to aphids.[Method] The resistance evaluation was conducted with 32 alfalfa varieties in Qingdao by the methods of aphid index.[Result] The results showed that determining the resistance of different varieties of the result was reliable by the method of aphid index,and could reflected the resistance between the varieties.Resistance of the 32 species of alfalfa to aphid into five classes,and the Aurora,Baralfa 421Q,TG4 CW044026,Xinmu No.2,Wuming No.4,Bar003 A123136F12,Tianshan Alfalfa,WL319HQ and Baralfa 321Q were highly susceptible variety.There were 4 susceptible varieties,like Wuming No.3,WL525Q,Xinmu No.1,Canada.The 8 species of alfalfa,like Sadie 10,Gannong No.4,TG3 (CW0530),Aohan Alfalfa,Sandeli,WL323,Wuming No.2 and WL343,had certain moderate resistance to aphid.There were 9 resistance varieties,like Sitel,Millionaire (Canada),5S43 (America),Gannong No.1,Gongnong No.1,Wuming No.1,TG7 CW2883,Sandifi,Zhongmu No.3.Nevertheless,the WL363HQ and Brarlfa 53HQ were highly resistance varieties.[Conclusion] A total of 19 species of alfalfa with resistance to aphid are screened out in Qingdao,among them the WL363HQ and Brarlfa 53HQ are main varieties.This study provides theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of high quality alfalfa germplasm resources.
Key wordsMedicago sativa;Aphids;Resistance;Variety
紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是重要的豆科牧草,是世界上栽培較早、種植廣泛的牧草之一,在我國西北、東北、華北和內(nèi)蒙古等地種植非常廣泛,其產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)很高,被譽(yù)為“牧草之王”[1-2]。苜蓿根系十分發(fā)達(dá),具有保持水土和改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的作用,在農(nóng)、畜牧業(yè)中有著不可替代的作用[3]。目前,全世界種植的苜蓿達(dá)3 000萬km2,我國的種植面積約為280萬km2[4]。隨著我國苜蓿種植面積的擴(kuò)大,病蟲害防治問題日漸突出,其中,蚜蟲是為害苜蓿的重要害蟲類群之一。青島苜蓿田的蚜蟲種類主要是豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum),其次是苜蓿斑翅蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)和苜蓿蚜蟲(Aphis craccivora)。蚜蟲多聚集在苜蓿植株嫩葉、嫩莖、幼芽和花器等部位為害,以刺吸式口器吸取植株細(xì)嫩部分的汁液,造成植株矮小和葉片卷縮、變黃脫落,嚴(yán)重發(fā)生時(shí),會(huì)造成植株大片枯死。……