魯婕鐘 方雷
摘要根據入戶抽樣調查數據的基礎上,運用數據包絡分析法(DEA)對黑河流域中游張掖市蔬菜種植農戶的綜合效率、純技術效率、規模效率進行測算。結果表明,張掖市蔬菜種植農戶生產效率整體偏低,且農戶間差異較大。其中,純技術效率均值為0.78,效率較低,但仍高于規模效率的均值0.71,可見規模效率是導致綜合效率偏低的主要原因。應在提高種植技術和管理水平的保障下,鼓勵農戶積極擴大生產規模,發揮規模效應,提高綜合生產效率。
關鍵詞生產效率;數據包絡分析法;蔬菜
中圖分類號S-9文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2017)30-0201-04
AbstractBased on the data of household sampling survey, the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of vegetable farmers in Zhangye City in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin were measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results showed that the production efficiency of vegetable farmers in Zhangye City was low, and the difference among farmers was greater. Among them, the average efficiency of pure technology is 0.78, it is lower, but the value is higher than the scale efficiency. The average efficiency is 0.71. Therefore, scale efficiency is the main cause of low comprehensive efficiency. Under the guarantee of improving planting technology and management level, farmers should be encouraged to actively merge, expand production scale, play scale effect, and improve comprehensive production efficiency.
Key wordsProduction efficiency;Data envelopment analysis(DEA);Vegetable
干旱區綠洲農業先天水資源總量有限,受此關鍵生產要素限制,面對日益增長的蔬菜消費需求,提高蔬菜種植生產效率,在有限的生產要素投入下形成更多產出,無疑是重要的破解途徑。從當前綠洲蔬菜生產方式上看,由于受相對落后的經濟發展水平和技術推廣程度限制,大部分農戶是分散、粗放式人工種植,規模化、專業化水平仍處于初級階段。因此,從農戶微觀視角出發,定量化評估干旱區綠洲蔬菜生產效率,提出改進措施顯然具有較強的針對性和可操作性。
在定量化評估生產效率的研究中,以運籌學為基礎的非參數方法例如數據包絡分析法(DEA)由于不涉及具體生產工藝過程,不需要對投入與產出之間的關系認識非常清楚即可應用,尤其適合類似蔬菜生產這樣的復雜綜合性過程效率評估。近年來,評估蔬菜生產效率文獻較多,主要集中在以下幾個方面:一是不同品種的蔬菜生產效率比較。……