劉傳淵 夏來陽 劉金秀 王建
[摘要] 目的 研究HER-4蛋白在結直腸癌中的表達,并探討其臨床意義。 方法 采用免疫組織化學Envision二步法檢測100例患者結直腸癌組織、20例正常癌旁組織中HER-4蛋白的表達,分析HER-4蛋白表達水平與臨床病理因素間的關系。 結果 HER-4蛋白在正常癌旁組織、結直腸癌中的表達率分別為0%、44%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.000),結直腸癌組織中HER-4蛋白表達與淋巴結轉移、TNM分期密切相關(P<0.05),而與性別、年齡、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大體、病理類型、浸潤深度、脈管癌栓、術前癌胚抗原(CEA)等無關。 結論 HER-4蛋白在結直腸正常癌旁組織中未見陽性表達,而在結直腸癌病灶中呈現(xiàn)高表達,且與淋巴結轉移、TNM分期密切相關,高表達者預示病程較晚,預后較差。HER-4不僅是一個有價值的生物標志物,而且是一個潛在的抗癌治療靶點。
[關鍵詞] 基因;HER-4;腫瘤;結直腸;免疫組織化學;病理學
[中圖分類號] R735.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2016)34-0013-04
Expressions and clinical significance of HER-4 in colorectal cancer
LIU Chuanyuan1 XIA Laiyang1 LIU Jinxiu2 WANG Jian3
1.Department of No.1 General Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital in Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China; 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College,Ganzhou 341600, China; 3.Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People's Hospital in Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the HER-4 expression and its correlation with clinical pathological parameters in colorectal cancer patients. Methods The expressions of HER-4 protein in 100 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 20 cases of normal colorectal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method, and the association between the expression and the clinicopathological parameter of colorectal carcinoma was analyzed. Results Positive staining of HER-4 was observed in 44% colorectal cancer tissues compared with 0% in normal colorectal epithelia(P=0.000). HER-4 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05), and was not correlated with age, gender, tumor location, tumor gross, pathological type, tumor depth, invasion of vessel and preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA). Conclusion HER-4 protein expression in colorectal normal tissue was negative, but in colorectal cancer lesions showed high, which was closely related to lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. High expression indicates a late course of disease, and a poor prognosis. HER-4 is not only a valuable biomarker, but also a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
[Key words] Gene; HER-4; NeopIasms; Colorectum; Immunohistochemistry; Pathology
過去的幾十年中,結直腸癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率在許多地區(qū)已顯著增加[1,2]。在美國,2014年新發(fā)結直腸癌病約為136 830例,近50 310的患者死于該疾病[3]。根治手術后5年生存率約為60%[4-6]。為了改善結直腸癌的預后,隨著精準醫(yī)療的推進,尋找有效的治療靶點具有重要的意義。人表皮生長因子受體(HER)家族包括EGFR(HER-1)、HER-2、HER-3和 HER-4,它們是具有典型的胞外受體結合位點的酪氨酸激酶受體。HER激活多條信號傳導通路并且通過此環(huán)節(jié)影響大量的信號傳導過程,這些受體的異常激活與不同的病理過程密切相關,影響腫瘤的增殖、分化和轉移。HER-1過度表達在許多癌癥中提示預后不良[7,8],HER-2在乳腺癌和胃癌診療中已經(jīng)成為重要的生物標志物和治療靶點[9,10]。HER-3的表達與實體腫瘤預后差明顯相關[11]。HER-4對腫瘤的作用仍存在爭議,有報道認為在宮頸癌中與更好的預后有關[12],同時也有報道認為在口腔鱗狀細胞癌中HER-4蛋白的過表達提示遠處轉移和更差的生存預后[13]。HER-4在結直腸癌中的研究甚少,HER-4在結直腸癌中的作用如何,能否作為一個潛在的治療靶點?本研究就HER-4在結直腸癌中的表達進行研究,并分析其與臨床病理間的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年7月~2015年7月我院胃腸外科行根治性手術的結直腸癌患者標本100例,術前均未行新輔助放、化療。其中男52例,女48例;年齡26~81歲,中位年齡62歲;結腸癌49例、直腸癌51例。依據(jù)患者年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大小、淋巴結轉移、TNM分期等進行分組(表1)。另取20例癌旁正常組織作為對照組。
1.2 免疫組織化學染色
鼠抗人單克隆HER-4抗體(克隆號 HFR1-ab 1939,工作濃度1:100)購自Abcam香港有限公司。Envision反應液購自福建邁新公司。采用免疫組織化學Envision二步法檢測HER-4在結直腸癌中的表達,組織石蠟切片經(jīng)脫蠟、水化、自來水沖洗,并對組織行高壓抗原修復,實驗步驟按照試劑盒進行。實驗同時設陽性對照(已知陽性的腎組織切片)和陰性對照(PBS代替一抗)。
1.3評定標準
對結果進行雙盲閱片。HER-4定位于細胞膜或細胞核,染色判讀及評分參照Lai C、Kountourskis P等[14,18]的研究標準:(0):不染色或<10%腫瘤細胞染色;(1+):>10%的腫瘤細胞微弱或隱約可見染色;(2+):>10%的腫瘤細胞弱到中度染色;(3+):>10%的腫瘤細胞強染色。(0)和(1+)定義為低表達(陰性表達),(2+)和(3+)定義為高表達(陽性表達)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理
使用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗、四格表Fishers確切概率法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 結直腸癌組織、正常結直腸癌旁組織中HER-4表達情況
HER-4蛋白主要表達于癌組織細胞膜或細胞核中(圖1、2),HER-4在結直腸癌組織中的陽性表達率為44%(44/100),而在20例正常癌旁組織中未見表達,二者陽性表達率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.000)(表1)。
2.2 結直腸癌組織中HER-4表達情況與臨床病理因素的關系
HER-4蛋白在結直腸癌組織中的表達程度與淋巴結轉移、TNM分期有關(P<0.05),與患者性別、年齡、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大體、病理類型、浸潤層次、脈管癌栓、術前癌胚抗原(CEA)、術前糖類抗原199(CA199)等無關(表2)。
3 討論
HER-4基因是HER癌基因家族的一員,首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)是在小鼠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的研究中,其在小鼠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育階段呈現(xiàn)廣泛表達[15],后來發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的人體腦組織、骨骼肌、心肌和垂體組織中也有不同的表達,在多種腫瘤組織中存在過度表達[16-18]。本研究中,HER-4蛋白在正常結直腸黏膜組織中未見陽性表達,而在結直腸癌病灶中呈現(xiàn)高表達,此與有關研究的結論類似[14,19-20]。
淋巴結轉移是影響結直腸癌術后生存最重要的因素之一,也是腫瘤分期及術后進一步綜合治療的重要依據(jù),淋巴結轉移預示著病程較晚,預后較差。本研究結果顯示,HER-4在結直腸癌原發(fā)灶中的陽性表達率為44%(44/100),存在高表達;與結直腸癌淋巴結轉移有關(P=0.039),淋巴結轉移者陽性表達率明顯高于無淋巴結轉移者。這與Kountourskis等[18]的研究結果相同,其對106個結直腸腫瘤組織進行免疫組化,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)HER-4表達陽性與患者的淋巴結轉移相關(P=0.01),HER-4的高表達與癌細胞的轉移能力密切相關。Baiocchi G等[20]認為HER-4表達陽性是淋巴結轉移、腫瘤復發(fā)的一個獨立危險因素。
在國際抗癌聯(lián)盟(UICC)、美國癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(AJCC)的共同努力推動下,原發(fā)腫瘤一區(qū)域淋巴結一遠處轉移(TNM)分期系統(tǒng)不斷完善,逐步成為全球腫瘤研究工作者比較各自臨床資料、評價治療效果的共同依據(jù)。TNM分期越后,其預后越差。本研究中,TNM分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者其HER-4表達率分別為9.31%、38.82%、51.87%,差異具統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.042),提示HER-4的表達與TNM分期密切相關,分期越后,原發(fā)腫瘤病灶中其HER-4表達越高。這與一些學者的研究結果類似。Lee JC等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)結直腸癌TNM分期Ⅰ或Ⅱ期腫瘤病灶HER-4陽性表達明顯低于Ⅲ或Ⅳ期腫瘤病灶,He XX等[21]發(fā)現(xiàn)HER-4在胃癌中的表達與腫瘤的TNM分期密切相關。腫瘤是多基因、多因素長期共同作用的結果,HER-4陽性表達率越高,預示分期越晚。有學者報道,在人肺癌細胞 H1299中轉染入HER-4,與對照組相比,HER-4明顯促進了肺癌細胞的生長,而使用抗HER-4的抗體Mab-3之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)表達HER-4的肺癌細胞不僅生長速度明顯受到抑制,而且凋亡速度顯著加快[22]。通過敲除、下調HER-4的表達,能抑制腫瘤細胞的增值與生長[23]。
綜上所述,HER-4蛋白在正常結直腸組織中未見陽性表達,而在結直腸癌病灶中呈現(xiàn)高表達,且與淋巴結轉移、TNM分期密切相關,高表達者預示著病程較晚,預后較差。HER-4不僅是一個有價值的生物標志物,而且是一個潛在的抗癌治療靶點。
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(收稿日期:2016-08-02)