中考英語從句、主謂一致真題解析和演練

鄧楊周

賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句及主謂一致是中考英語的重難點(diǎn)也是熱點(diǎn)之一。賓語從句常考查連接詞的選擇、從句的語序、主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)等，解題時(shí)應(yīng)先從連接詞著手，判斷從句的語序，注意主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)，耐心分析；狀語從句常考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)，解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意判斷主從句的關(guān)系以及主句從句時(shí)態(tài)的選擇；定語從句常考查關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選擇，解題時(shí)則應(yīng)注意判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分，先行詞的形式等。同時(shí)，也應(yīng)注意區(qū)分這幾種從句，不僅要根據(jù)連接詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。主謂一致也是初中階段的考查點(diǎn)之一，看似簡單，但同學(xué)們在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中卻常常遇到麻煩。在解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意語法一致，就近一致和意義一致這三大基本原則，細(xì)致分析，靈活應(yīng)用。

【真題解析】

1. —Do you know ____？

—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th. （2016重慶）

A. why did they move here

B. why they moved here

C. when did they move here

D. when they moved here

【答案】D

【解析】該題考查的是賓語從句的連接詞和語序。根據(jù)答句句意“讓我想想，我記得是在3月18日”，可推測問句詢問的應(yīng)該是時(shí)間，句意為“你知道他們什么時(shí)候搬到這里來的嗎？”，因此問句中的賓語從句的連接詞應(yīng)該是“when（時(shí)間）”而不是“why（原因）”，根據(jù)答句中的“it was on March 18th”可知這是個(gè)過去的時(shí)間，而賓語從句為陳述句語序，因此正確答案為D。

2. —Can you tell me ____ to London？

—Sure. Next month. （2016安順）

A. when you will travel

B. when will you travel

C. when you travelled

D. when did you travel

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序。根據(jù)答句句意“當(dāng)然了。下周。”，可推測問句詢問的是一個(gè)將來的時(shí)間，句意為“你能告訴我什么時(shí)候去倫敦旅游嗎？”，而賓語從句為陳述句語序，因此正確答案為A。

3. I dont know if you ____ to Marys party next Sunday. If you go， ____. （2016黑龍江）

A. go； so will I B. will go； so will I C. will go； so do I

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是賓語從句和狀語從句。第一句為賓語從句，根據(jù)第一句的“Marys party next Sunday”，可推測該賓語從句的時(shí)間為一般將來時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為“will go”，句意為“我不知道下個(gè)星期天你是否會(huì)去參加瑪麗的聚會(huì)”。第二句為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，主句則用一般將來時(shí)，句意為“如果你去的話，我也去”，因此主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選擇will，而主句中還使用了倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)“so+助動(dòng)詞+主語的形式”，因此正確答案為B。

4. The policeman has caught the thief ____ stole Mr. Lis wallet. （2016隨州）

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)句意“警察抓住了偷李先生錢包的那個(gè)小偷”，可知設(shè)空處及其后的內(nèi)容是個(gè)定語從句，先行詞“the thief”為定語從句的主語，指人，因此該定語從句應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞who或者that，因此正確答案為B。

5. This is one of the most interesting cities ____ I have ever visited. （2016蘭州）

A. who B. that C. which D. where

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意“這是我曾經(jīng)參觀過的最有趣的城市之一”，可知設(shè)空處及其后的內(nèi)容是個(gè)定語從句，此處注意關(guān)系代詞which指“……地方”，關(guān)系副詞where指“在/去……地方”，在從句中只起狀語作用。先行詞“cities”為定語從句中動(dòng)詞visit的賓語，指物。因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞which或者that，而先行詞“cities”有“one of the most interesting”來修飾，當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用which，因此正確答案為B。

6. —Have you found the information about famous scientists ____ you can use for the report？

—Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. （2016淮安）

A. where B. which C. what D. who

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意“你已經(jīng)找到你可以用在報(bào)告中的關(guān)于那些著名科學(xué)家的信息了嗎？”，可知設(shè)空處及其后的內(nèi)容是個(gè)定語從句，先行詞“information”為定語從句中動(dòng)詞use的賓語，指物。此處應(yīng)注意設(shè)空處前面的“scientists”并非指人的先行詞，而是先行詞“information”的修飾語。因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞which或者that而不能選擇who，因此正確答案為B。

7. There ____ a number of books in the library and the number of them ____ increasing. （2016煙臺(tái)）

A. has； is B. have； are C. are； is D. is； are

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是there be句型及主謂一致。There be句型，表示“某地（或某時(shí)）存在有某人（或某物）”。在there be句型中，be動(dòng)詞與其后最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。這里注意區(qū)別“a number of”和“the number of”的意義，前者意為“一些；許多”，后者意為“……的數(shù)量”。句中第一個(gè)設(shè)空處后的“a number of books”意為“很多書”，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此此處be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為“are”，第二個(gè)設(shè)空處后的“the number of them”意為“書的數(shù)量”，應(yīng)作為單數(shù)來看，此處be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為“is”，因此正確答案為C。

8. There ____ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet. （2016齊齊哈爾）

A. are B. is C. have

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是there be句型及主謂一致。There be句型，表示“某地（或某時(shí)）存在有某人（或某物）”。在there be句型中，be動(dòng)詞與其后最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。設(shè)空處后的“some good advice”意為“一些建議”，而中心詞advice是不可數(shù)名詞，因此此處be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為“is”，因此正確答案為B。

【真題演練】

（ ）1. Shiyan is one of the best places ____ people would like to visit. （2016十堰）

A. that B. which C. where D. who

（ ）2. There ____ a sport meet next week if it ____. （2016黔東南州）

A. is going to have； doesnt rain

B. is going to be； doesnt rain

C. is going to be； wont rain

D. is going to have； wont rain

（ ）3. —Look！Why are there so many people？

—There are some policemen. I think there ____ a traffic accident. （2016西寧）

A. must have B. can have C. is going to be D. must be

（ ）4. —I am worried about ____.

—Whatever the result is， dont be too hard on yourself. （2016昆明）

A. how have I prepared for my final exams

B. if I can get great grades in the final exams

C. that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D. why did my school team lose the game

（ ）5. —Your head teacher has set up a Wechat group. Could you tell ____？

—It is more convenient to communicate with our parents. （2016荊門）

A. when it was set up B. why did he set it up

C. what it is used for D. how did he set it up

（ ）6. —What kind of TV show do you prefer？

—I like the ones ____ make me laugh. （2016玉林）

A. who B. whom C. that D. what

（ ）7. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ____ comes into sight is so new to me. （2016廣東）

A. that B. which C. who D. whom

（ ）8. Our Chinese teacher didnt go to bed ____ he finished his work last night. （2016重慶）

A. if B. until C. since D. because

（ ）9. —Excuse me. Could you tell me ____ about the local history and culture？

—Of course. You can check it on this computer. （2016青島）

A. how can I get the information

B. what information did I get

C. where I can get the information

D. that I got the information

（ ）10. Could you help me with the housework ____ you are free today？ （2016無錫）

A. since B. though C. unless D. until

（ ）11. The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music. （2016黔東南州）

A. who play B. which plays C. who plays D. that play

（ ）12. —Which song do you like better， Maria？

—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ____ is sung by TFBOYS. （2016濱州）

A. which B. who C. whom D. where

（ ）13. —Who won the first prize in English speech contest？

—The prize went to the girl ____ speech was the most natural and fluent. （2016鄂州）

A. that B. who C. whose D. 不填

（ ）14. ____ I got home， my sister was doing her homework. （2016北京）

A. When B. Because C. If D. Though

（ ）15. —The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P.E. test from 2016.

—Yes， ____ you want to pass it and be stronger， practice more. （2016吉林長春）

A. until B. if C. unless D. or

（ ）16. The nurse wont leave her patients ____ shes sure they are all taken good care of.

（2016上海）

A. unless B. because C. since D. if

（ ）17. —Could you tell me ____？

—Every four years. The 24th will take place in China in 2022. （2016泰州）

A. how long the Winter Olympic Games last

B. how long do the Winter Olympic Games last

C. how often are the Winter Olympic Games held

D. how often the Winter Olympic Games are held

（ ）18. —How do you like the movie Kongfu Panda 3？

—It is ____ exciting ____ Id like to see it again. （2016湖北咸寧）

A. so； that B. such； that C. enough； to D. too； to

（ ）19. —I wonder ____ .

—It will fall on a Saturday. （2016廣東）

A. how will National Day fall on this year

B. how National Day will fall on this year

C. what day will National Day fall on this year

D. what day National Day will fall on this year

（ ）20. We must get up early ____ we can catch the first bus to school. （2016遼寧丹東）

A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. in order