為什么笑會(huì)傳染？

"Laugh and the world will laugh with you."2） That legendary line by Ella Wheeler Wilcox still holds true. Just like yawning， laughing is also highly contagious， but laughing is one contagious disease that we love and we gladly spread it to others. In fact， even the sound of someone laughing can make you let out a gut-busting3） chuckle4）.

How many times has it happened that you laughed your heart out5） at a movie theatre， but when you watched the movie alone again on TV， you didn&apos；t find it that funny， or at least didn&apos；t laugh nearly as loud？ It&apos；s because you were watching the movie by yourself， but that isn&apos；t the same thing that happens when we experience humor in larger groups. So what makes laughing so contagious？ Why do we end up laughing with other people even if we don&apos；t find the joke all that funny？

Why Do We Laugh？

People may laugh for various reasons， such as if they like a joke， if they see their friend take an awkward tumble6）， or if they experience anything else that might tickle their funny bone7）.

Studies have shown that laughing has been passed on to humans from our ancient primate8） ancestor. For our ancestors， laughter was a process of strengthening the bond between them. People laugh when they feel free and are comfortable with one another， so laughter definitely increases bonding between people， just as it did for our ancestors.

Why Is It Contagious？

The way a person reacts to a sound is dependent on the brain&apos；s premotor cortical9） region. This region is responsible for how the muscles in the face react to the corresponding sounds. University College of London conducted a study on certain volunteers where they played different sounds to them and measured their brain&apos；s reaction to the sound.

It was seen that responses were higher for positive sounds， such as laughing or the sound of triumph， and were much lower for negative sounds like screaming or retching10）. This suggests that humans are more susceptible11） to the sound of laughter as compared to negative sounds. This explains the reason for our involuntary12） smile when we see other people laughing.

There is a famous case of the contagious nature of laughing known as the Tanganyika laughter epidemic13）. In 1962， three girls studying in a boarding school14） in a village in Tanganyika （now Tanzania） began to laugh， and soon it spread to the whole school. Eventually， it affected about 95 of the 159 pupils.

This natural response that we have to laughter is the reason why pre-recorded laughter is frequently put on sitcoms15）， as this increases the chance of inducing laughter from the audience. Laughter therapy also works on the same principle： when you see many people laughing， you involuntarily end up laughing too！

It is often said that laughter is the best medicine， as it has many benefits for human health. In that case， I just have one thing to say： laugh and make the whole world laugh with you.

為什么笑會(huì)傳染？為什么聽(tīng)到別人笑，你也會(huì)不由自主地?fù)P起嘴角？為什么明明很生氣，可對(duì)方含著笑向你賠禮道歉的時(shí)候，你就再也生不起氣來(lái)？笑真是個(gè)奇妙的東西，好好的就能連成一片。至于其背后的一部分原因，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)有所發(fā)現(xiàn)，你想知道嗎？

“你歡笑，這世界陪你一起歡笑。”埃拉·惠勒·威爾科克斯這一膾炙人口的詩(shī)句仍然在理。就像打呵欠一樣，笑也有很強(qiáng)的傳染性，但笑這種“傳染病”人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)，還樂(lè)意傳染給別人。事實(shí)上，甚至是別人的笑聲也能讓你開(kāi)懷一笑。

有多少次，你曾遇到下面的情況？你在電影院會(huì)捧腹大笑，可當(dāng)你獨(dú)自在電視上再看這部電影時(shí)，你卻不覺(jué)得那么好笑了，或者至少笑得沒(méi)那么歡了。這是因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)你是獨(dú)自一人看這部電影，而當(dāng)我們?cè)谌藬?shù)較多的人群之中體驗(yàn)幽默時(shí)，情況就不一樣了。那么，是什么讓笑這么容易傳染？為什么我們即便不覺(jué)得某個(gè)笑話那么好笑，可最終還是會(huì)和其他人一起笑呢？

為什么我們要笑？

人們發(fā)笑可能有很多不同的原因，比如說(shuō)可能是喜歡一個(gè)笑話，可能是看到朋友跌倒出糗，或者遇到了其他什么可能會(huì)戳中笑點(diǎn)的事情。

研究表明，笑是人類(lèi)從我們那古老的靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物祖先那里遺傳來(lái)的。對(duì)我們的祖先來(lái)說(shuō)，笑是強(qiáng)化彼此情感關(guān)系的一種方法。當(dāng)人們彼此相處感到無(wú)拘無(wú)束、輕松愉快時(shí)，他們就會(huì)笑。所以，笑無(wú)疑會(huì)增進(jìn)人們之間的感情，就像其對(duì)我們祖先的作用那樣。

為什么笑會(huì)傳染？

人對(duì)聲音的反應(yīng)取決于大腦的前運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層區(qū)。這個(gè)區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)決定臉部的肌肉如何對(duì)相應(yīng)的聲音做出反應(yīng)。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院做過(guò)一項(xiàng)研究，研究人員給一些志愿者播放了不同的聲音，并測(cè)量了他們的大腦對(duì)這些聲音的反應(yīng)。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者對(duì)積極的聲音（比如笑聲或是獲勝的歡呼聲）反應(yīng)較強(qiáng)，而對(duì)消極的聲音（像尖叫聲或嘔吐聲）反應(yīng)較弱。這表明，與聽(tīng)到各種消極聲音相比，人類(lèi)更容易受到笑聲的影響。這就解釋了為什么當(dāng)我們看到別人笑時(shí)，我們也會(huì)不由自主地笑起來(lái)。

有個(gè)著名的事例可以說(shuō)明笑的傳染本質(zhì)，這個(gè)事例被稱(chēng)作坦噶尼喀大笑病。1962年，在坦噶尼喀（現(xiàn)稱(chēng)坦桑尼亞）某村一所寄宿學(xué)校就讀的三個(gè)女孩笑了起來(lái)，她們的笑很快傳染到了整個(gè)學(xué)校。最終，159名小學(xué)生中約有95名學(xué)生都受到影響笑了起來(lái)。

因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)對(duì)笑產(chǎn)生這種自然反應(yīng)，所以情景喜劇里常常加入預(yù)先錄制的笑聲，以便更多地引發(fā)觀眾的笑聲。笑聲療法也是同樣的道理：當(dāng)你看到很多人笑的時(shí)候，你最終也會(huì)不由自主地笑起來(lái)！

常言道，笑是最好的良藥，因?yàn)樾δ芙o人們的健康帶來(lái)諸多益處。既然如此，我只有一句話想說(shuō)：笑吧，讓全世界陪你一起歡笑。

1. contagious [k?n?te?d??s] adj.（感情、態(tài)度等）感染性的

2. 這句話出自美國(guó)作家、詩(shī)人埃拉·惠勒·威爾科克斯（Ella Wheeler Wilcox， 1850～1919）的詩(shī)歌《孤獨(dú)》（Solitude），詩(shī)歌的前兩句為：Laugh， and the world laughs with you； /Weep， and you weep alone.

3. gut-busting： 讓人捧腹大笑的

4. chuckle [?t??kl] n. 輕輕的笑

5. laugh one&apos；s heart out： 捧腹大笑；縱聲大笑

6. tumble [?t?mbl] n. 跌倒；摔跤

7. funny bone： 幽默感

8. primate [?pra?me?t] adj. 靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)（動(dòng)物）的

9. premotor cortical： 大腦前運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層的

10. retch [ret?] vi .作嘔；惡心

11. susceptible [s??sept?bl] adj. 易受……影響的

12. involuntary [?n?v?l?ntri] adj. 不由自主的

13. Tanganyika laughter epidemic： 坦噶尼喀大笑病。1962年1月30日，新興國(guó)家坦噶尼喀（現(xiàn)在是坦桑尼亞的大陸部分）有三個(gè)女孩子因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)笑話大笑出聲，傳染了整個(gè)學(xué)校，影響了全校一半以上的學(xué)生，并在當(dāng)?shù)貍魅鹃_(kāi)來(lái)。這些學(xué)生突然爆發(fā)出笑聲，笑到流淚、昏倒、出疹子。有專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為這與壓力有關(guān)，但具體原因不詳。

14. boarding school： 寄宿學(xué)校

15. sitcom [?s?tk?m] n. 情景喜劇