錢煒偉, 倪 毅
南通市第三人民醫院甲乳科, 南通 226001
·短篇論著·
保乳手術陰性切緣切取次數與早期乳腺癌患者臨床預后的相關性
錢煒偉, 倪 毅
南通市第三人民醫院甲乳科, 南通 226001
目的: 探討早期乳腺癌保乳術中獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數與患者預后的相關性。方法: 收集2009年1月至2016年10月在江蘇省南通市第三人民醫院行保乳治療的早期乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,回顧性分析獲得陰性切緣切取次數與患者年齡、腫塊大小、淋巴結狀態、激素受體狀態、HER-2狀態、病理類型及患者預后的相關性。結果: 共入組287例接受保乳治療的早期乳腺癌患者,其中191例(66.6%)經1次切取即獲得陰性切緣,65例(22.6%)經2次切取獲得陰性切緣,31例(10.8%)經3次及以上切取獲得陰性切緣。腫塊大小(P=0.010)、病理類型(P<0.001)及HER-2狀態(P=0.034)與獲得陰性切緣切取次數相關。中位隨訪5年的局部復發率在1次切取患者(6.3%)、2次切取患者(9.2%)及3次及以上切取患者(25.8%)間差異有統計學意義(P=0.002);而3組患者間中位隨訪5年的遠處轉移率(P=0.989)及總生存率(P=0.326)差異無統計學意義。結論: 腫塊大小、病理類型、HER-2狀態與保乳患者獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數相關,切取次數與術后局部復發率正相關,但與患者遠處轉移及總生存率無明顯相關。
早期乳腺癌;保乳手術;陰性切緣;切取次數;預后
乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤[1]。在中國,每年約有4萬多例患者死于乳腺癌[2]。改良根治術和保乳手術是針對乳腺癌最主要的手術方式。研究[3-5]表明,保乳手術聯合術后放療可獲得與改良根治手術相同的遠期療效,而保乳術保留了乳房外形,能夠更好地滿足患者的心理需求[6]。保乳手術成功的前提是切緣陰性,但首次切取并不一定能獲得陰性切緣,部分患者需反復切取[7]。目前,經反復切取的保乳手術的安全性仍有待研究,切取次數的最高限定尚無統一的標準。因此,本研究回顧分析了2009年1月至2016年10月于本院行保乳手術的乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,分析了影響保乳手術獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數的可能臨床病理因素及不同切取次數與患者預后的相關性。
1.1 一般資料 回顧分析2009年1月至2016年10月在江蘇省南通市第三人民醫院手術的1 483例乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,保乳患者首次切除范圍包括距腫塊0.2~2 cm的正常乳腺組織,補充切緣時切取0.2~0.5 cm寬的乳腺組織。按下列標準進一步篩選:早期乳腺癌(T1~2N0~1M0)、切緣陰性(定義為切緣無浸潤性腫瘤或導管原位癌浸潤,且腫瘤距切緣大于1 mm)。排除標準:術前接受新輔助治療、術后未接受放療、隨訪數據不完整。符合上述標準的乳腺癌患者共有287例,所有患者在術后除接受放療外,根據病情需要給予其他輔助治療(化療、內分泌治療或靶向治療)。1.2 臨床數據采集 調閱病歷系統,記錄患者的年齡、術中切緣切取次數、術后病理、術后輔助治療信息。
1.3 隨訪指標及方法 通過門診及電話進行隨訪,術后前2年每3個月隨訪1次,以后每6個月隨訪1次,5年后每12個月隨訪1次,期間評估局部及全身情況。主要觀察指標:局部區域復發(同側乳房、腋窩及鎖骨區淋巴結復發)、遠處轉移(骨、肺、肝、腦等)及總生存率。隨訪截止時間至2017年1月20日。
1.4 統計學處理 采用SPSS 20.0軟件對數據進行錄入、分析,χ2檢驗分析獲得陰性切緣的切取次數與臨床病理因素及預后的相關性。檢驗水準(α)為0.05。
2.1 基本情況 287例接受保乳治療的乳腺癌患者中,經1次切取、2次切取、3次及以上切取獲得陰性切緣者分別為191例(66.6%)、65例(22.6%)、31例(10.8%),其中最多切取次數為4次,共有2例。
2.2 獲得陰性切緣切取次數與臨床病理因素的相關性分析 結果表明腫塊>2 cm、原位癌及HER-2陽性的患者獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數更多,差異有統計學意義(P< 0.05)。而患者年齡、淋巴結狀態及激素受體狀態與獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數無明顯相關性(表1)。

表1 保乳患者獲得陰性切緣切取次數與臨床病理因素的相關分析 n(%)
2.3 預后分析 術后隨訪3~95個月,中位隨訪時間61個月。3次及以上切取組局部復發率明顯高于其他兩組,差異有統計學意義(P< 0.05);3組間遠處轉移率差異無統計學意義(表2)。全組共16例患者死亡,1次切取組、2次切取組及3次及以上切取組分別有8例(4.2%)、5例(7.7%)及3例死亡(9.7%),組間總生存率差異無統計學意義(P=0.326)。

表2 保乳患者獲得陰性切緣切取次數與復發轉移情況的相關分析 n(%)
切緣陰性是保乳手術的前提,但并非所有患者在首次切除時即可獲得陰性切緣,研究[7-10]發現25%~40%乳腺癌患者在首次切除后切緣仍有腫瘤累及,因而需要再次切取送檢切緣。較寬的切緣活檢可明顯降低切緣陽性的比例,但會影響患者術后乳房形態。Anees等[11]研究發現,切除腫塊后進行殘腔刮除比不刮除組的切緣陽性率明顯降低(19%vs34%,P=0.01)。雖然切緣陽性時可以再次切取,但是目前對多次切取才獲得陰性切緣的保乳安全性仍有質疑,切取次數的最高限定尚無統一的結論。因此,本研究回顧分析了影響保乳手術獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數的可能臨床病理因素,對不同切取次數與患者預后的相關性進行了分析。
Ramanah等[12]分析了206例保乳患者的數據,通過多因素分析發現原位癌較大是切緣陽性的危險因子。Hanna等[13]分析了美國國家癌癥數據庫中1 170 284例保乳患者的數據,發現腫塊越大,出現切緣持續陽性的概率越高。本研究結果與既往報道相符,發現腫塊較大時獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數更多。對于腫塊較大且有保乳意愿的患者,可以選擇新輔助治療來縮小腫塊,以降低切緣陽性率[14]。Torabi等[15]分析了224例保乳患者的臨床資料,結果發現31%的患者切緣陽性,且組織分級高、淋巴血管浸潤及廣泛導管內癌成分的患者更易出現切緣陽性。也有學者發現合并有導管內癌時,保乳患者切緣陽性或切緣距腫瘤小于1 mm的比例增加[16]。Subhedar等[17]研究發現,隨訪6年時12%的導管內癌患者出現復發。在本研究中,3次及以上切取組的原位癌比例明顯高于其他兩組。導管內癌雖然預后比浸潤癌更好,但其易沿著導管廣泛分布,因此可能更難獲得陰性切緣,需要的切取次數也就更多。Jia 等[18]發現HER-2陽性與切緣陽性密切相關,且HER-2陽性是局部復發的危險因子。van Deurzen等[19]的研究也證實了HER-2陽性的患者切緣陽性率更高,本研究結果與既往報道一致。一方面,由于HER-2陽性腫瘤本身生物學行為較差,易發生侵襲轉移,增加了切緣陽性的概率;另一方面,導管內癌患者中HER-2陽性比例更高[20],也可能造成了3次及以上切取組中HER-2陽性的比例更高。
研究表明保乳術后放療可使10年絕對復發轉移風險降低15.7%[21]。本研究中所有患者都接受了術后放療,大部分患者都有較滿意的局部控制,但3次及以上切取組的局部復發率明顯高于其他兩組。其原因可能是切取次數多意味著腫瘤累及范圍廣,殘留腫瘤的可能性及量也就越大,但放療不能完全消滅腫瘤,所以更易出現局部復發。因此,臨床醫生在追求陰性切緣的同時,應考慮到切取次數≥3次時局部復發率會更高。一項三期臨床研究[22]結果顯示,全乳放療后加量放療(16 Gy)可增加保乳患者的局部控制。該研究的結果可能也適用于切取次數≥3次的保乳患者,在全乳放療后加量放療進一步降低局部復發。本研究中3次及以上切取組局部復發率雖然升高,但并未影響全身情況,組間遠處轉移率及總生存無差別。因此,對于獲得陰性切緣切取次數多的患者,術后加強局部治療(如放療),而不用增加全身治療的強度可能是一種更優的治療策略。
綜上所述,臨床工作中對保乳患者進行選擇時可能需要結合患者腫瘤大小、病理類型、HER-2狀態等指標來進行綜合考慮。如果切取2次仍未獲得陰性切緣,考慮到患者術后局部復發風險的升高,術后放療加量可能是更好的治療策略。本研究結果為保乳切取次數上限的設定提供了參考依據,讓臨床醫生更好地平衡保乳手術的獲益與風險。
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[本文編輯] 廖曉瑜, 賈澤軍
Correlation between the re-excision frequency of breast-conserving surgery negative margins and clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer
QIAN Wei-wei, NI Yi
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
Objective: To analyze the correlation between re-excision frequency of breast-conserving surgery negative margins and clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: We collected the clinical information of early breast cancer patients treated with breast conserving therapy in the Third People's Hospital of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, from January 2009 to October 2016. We analyzed the relationship between the frequency of re-excision and patient age, tumor size, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, Her-2, pathological type and prognosis of patients retrospectively. Results: In this study, 287 patients with early breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving therapy were included. 191 (66.6%) patients acquired negative margins by one excision, 65 (22.6%) patients by twice excision, and 31 (10.8%) patients by thrice or more. Tumor size (P=0.010), pathological type (P< 0.001), and HER-2 state (P=0.034) corrected with the frequency of re-excision. The median follow-up time was 5 years. Local recurrence rates were 6.3%, 9.2%, and 25.8% for one excision group, twice excision group, and thrice or more excision group, respectively and statistical difference was found among the three groups (P=0.002). No statistical difference was found among the three groups with regard to distant metastasis rates (P=0.989) and overall survival rates (P=0.326). Conclusions: Tumor size, type of pathology, HER-2 status were correlated with the frequency of re-excision required for negative margins in the breast-conserving patients. The frequency of re-excision is positively correlated with local recurrence rates, but had no significant relationship with distant metastasis and overall survival rates.
early breast cancer; breast conserving surgery; negative margin; frequency of re-excision; prognosis
2017-03-04 [接受日期] 2017-05-15
錢煒偉,主治醫師. E-mail: 1340223090@qq.com
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2017.20170175
R 737.9
A