林上軍+單柳迎



大海披著深藍色的天空舞蹈,波浪如滿天的云朵蓬勃綻放。眺望浙江舟山群島新區開發開放的重要窗口——定海遠洋漁業小鎮,16座深水碼頭依次排列,連接世界大洋。
定海遠洋漁業小鎮位于舟山市定海區干鎮。2015年4月,這里被國家相關部門列為首個國家遠洋漁業基地,這意味著舟山圍繞“一帶一路”布局遠洋漁業合作迎來新的發展契機。
2016年1月28日,浙江省級特色小鎮第二批創建名單公布,定海遠洋漁業小鎮名列其中,標志著一座融合人文元素、產業功能、異域風情、旅游業態的遠洋特色小鎮,將在時代發展潮流中崛起。
蘊藏龍氣
龍潭街、龍潭井、龍王宮,徜徉干,帶“龍”字的地名俯拾皆是。說起干老街龍潭街,有個傳奇故事。明嘉靖三年(1524),舟山大旱,人們到處求菩薩、請龍王,可是老天爺不灑甘霖。干朝陽人梁璋祈雨時,在泉水潭邊搭了個小祭臺,旁邊用火爐鍛犁鐵,取鍛紅了的犁鐵,投入水潭,只聽得“刺啦”聲響,泉水立刻猛漲,隨即天空烏云翻騰,大雨如注,整整下了兩個時辰,旱情徹底解除。第二年六月初一上午,梁璋在泉水潭洗了澡,換上清爽的衣服就在潭邊的祭臺打坐,面帶笑容圓寂。在入殮時發現,梁璋的手心有“灌門龍神”四個字。從此人們就把泉水潭更名為“龍潭”。
自此每逢六月初一,到龍潭來祭奠的人排成長隊。遇到大旱,官吏率眾來此祈雨,據說,龍潭雨是有求必應的。民國《定海縣志》載:“同治十一年(1872)夏旱,署廳事陳乃瀚祈禱獲應,祥呈請封號。浙撫楊昌濬奏,蒙敕封照應。每年六月初一至祭。”
從明嘉靖五年(1526)起,龍潭成了勝地,來游覽的人日益增多。人多帶動交易,如此就形成了南北長200米、東西長80米左右街體,街面20余幢樓房,開10余家店面,均為兩層樓。各類新鮮農產品、鮮活的水產品(當地有名的鰳魚、烏賊、大小黃魚、帶魚、海蜇等)都從上沙頭、下沙頭(現西碼頭)由行販擔挑來街里設攤或上門叫賣。明萬歷年間,龍潭街已名聞四方,后成為定海四大老街之一。
近年來,干鎮緊緊圍繞舟山國家遠洋漁業基地、定海遠洋漁業特色小鎮、新建生態村三大平臺建設,堅持精神文明建設和物質文明建設兩手抓,創新“魅力干”品牌,拓建文化禮堂這一精神家園,挖掘剪紙、植絨畫等非遺項目,培育鑼鼓、戲曲等特色團隊,開展社區文化藝術節、全民讀書節等活動,讓文化浸潤百姓心田。
定海全民星SHOW干鎮海選拔賽、“讓快樂舞步走進千家萬戶城鄉大聯動”健身操活動、重陽“舞動精彩快樂健康”中老年排舞比賽,全鎮舉辦各種文化體育活動,組隊參與市區各類文化體育特色項目展示、比賽等,多次獲得好名次。
2016年,小鎮組隊參加“活動定海”第四屆籃球錦標賽獲得冠軍,并連續3年獲得該賽事冠亞軍。同年9月,成功舉辦首屆“感動干·魅力人物”頒獎典禮暨社區文化藝術節文藝晚會,評選表彰8位道德模范,充分展示濃郁的鄉土文化氣息和群眾文化建設的新面貌,形成了“人人參與文化,人人享受文化”的良好氛圍。
小鎮民間藝人多才多藝,最突出的當數剪紙藝術和舟山漁民畫。
剪紙藝術在干鎮有著濃厚的文化底蘊和基礎。2010年,干中心學校成功申報為舟山市(剪紙)傳承教學基地。經歷了6年多的發展,基地先后有《海洋生命氣球》《烏賊的舞蹈》等20多幅作品在省級、國家級比賽中獲獎。如今,在干,剪紙作為一種展現海島民俗風情、彰顯海洋文化特色與人文情懷的民間藝術形式,深受全鎮群眾喜愛。
始于上世紀80年代的舟山漁民畫,憑借東海之濱得天獨厚的海洋資源,形成特有的藝術魅力。干也是舟山漁民畫發源地之一。這些漁民畫有的以漁民生活、生產場景為內容,有的以漁家民俗風情活動為內容,有的講述了海島的民間傳說,充分展示了漁民、農民多姿多彩的勞動、生活場景和對美好生活的追求。
積聚底氣
春色滿園時節,遠洋漁業小鎮碼頭一派繁忙景象。舟山國家遠洋漁業基地建設指揮部相關負責人告訴筆者,由于西南大西洋魷魚捕撈形勢較好,赤道魷魚旺發,進入1月以來,遠洋運輸船平均每天在此卸貨上千噸。
新動力蓄勢待發。2016年5月份成立的舟山國家遠洋漁業基地建設發展集團有限公司,作為舟山市屬重點企業和基地支撐性平臺,成為小鎮發展新動能。2016年12月份,基地又獲國家海洋局授牌海洋生物產業示范基地,5.98平方公里的小鎮承擔了兩項國家海洋文化戰略工程。
新項目齊頭并進。從小鎮總體建設規劃到A級旅游景區創建規劃,從小鎮景觀改造提升工程到漁人廣場設計藍圖,古老的漁港正煥發出文化的活力。2016年小鎮27個重點項目開工,完工24個,完成投資21.95億元,完成年度計劃的101%。
開拓遠洋漁業合作項目有諸多實質性進展,這個遠洋漁業小鎮與吉布提、烏拉圭、湯加、基里巴斯等8個國家建立漁業合作;籌建澳門遠洋漁業公司;與臺灣華偉漁業開啟全面合作。與此同時,全市15家遠洋水產品加工龍頭和特色優勢企業培育工作緊鑼密鼓,9家船舶企業加盟基地漁船修造中心。遠洋漁業的捕撈、加工、冷鏈、交易貿易等全產業鏈經營發展的局面已經基本形成。
拓展銳氣
小鎮的發展離不開人的努力,尤其需要一批敢闖大洋的漁民豪杰。如今,小鎮那些遠洋企業的當家人,已紛紛把目光投向資源豐富的地球各個角落,成為世界遠洋漁業的“弄潮兒”。
位于非洲東北部亞丁灣西岸的吉布提共和國,是通往蘇伊士運河的必經之地,漁業資源蘊藏豐富,這個處于“一帶一路”沿線的國家,實施對外開放,正處于起步階段。
3個月前剛從吉布提回來的蔣海威,是基地企業——浙江博海漁業有限公司的總經理。該公司獲準成為我國首家進入吉布提共和國開展漁業合作的企業。
“在我們進入之前,還沒有其他國家的企業到吉布提開發漁業,為方便運作,我們與吉布提共和國自然人合作,投資設立吉布提漁業有限公司。”蔣海威介紹,官方授予他們的海洋漁業開發權期限為50年。其間,企業可以在該國開展捕撈、養殖、水產品加工、海洋可再生資源開發等業務,該國漁業中長期規劃也已交給該公司來制定,包括在吉布提設立禁漁期、劃分作業海區等。
石斑魚、野生烏賊、藍鰭金槍魚以及各種鯛類魚,吉布提漁場有許多價值很高的經濟魚類,每年5萬噸左右的捕撈量,實際捕撈只有2000噸左右,而且該國漁業捕撈技術、經營管理都比較落后,所以他們亟需引進國外先進技術、理念。吉布提作為橫鎖紅海南端入口的戰略要塞、船只往來地中海和印度洋的必經站,也是我國建設“21世紀海上絲綢之路”的重要海上通道。
“每年成千上萬的船只從亞丁灣經過,但周邊卻沒有一個可供船舶修理、提供后勤補給的地方。”蔣海威說,這一航運服務缺失,讓他產生了在“吉布提要塞”建造一個船舶修理、補給基地的構想。
經多次考察,這一構想被提上議事日程。根據初步規劃,吉布提漁業有限公司將在綜合性漁業基地內專門開辟一塊區域,用于船舶修理、后勤補給。為“通過的國內、國際船舶供水供油,亞丁灣附近的海上交通將更加便利,我國與中東、非洲國家之間的經濟融合度也將更高。”蔣海威說,前段時間他就在考察一塊地皮,先建造一座5000噸級的冷庫,配套供水、供油等設施,2016年企業在吉布提投入了4000多萬元。
“在我國近海海域捕撈,有時要開18至20小時才能捕到魚。而在吉布提,我們可在專屬經濟區捕撈,從港口出發5個小時就可以作業了。”蔣海威說,從舟山到吉布提,路上行程一般為一個月。
由于吉布提地理位置優越,近年來對外開放力度很大,前去投資的華人不斷增加。“吉布提想成為非洲的迪拜,其實,就地理位置來說,吉布提一點不輸迪拜。”蔣海威說,非洲東部的貨物進出口基本上都通過吉布提,這里已經成為一個自由貿易港,絕大多數外國商品可以免稅進出,“這一切更增強了我們在那里加快布局、投資開發的信心。”
Ganlan Town in Zhoushan Archipelago is a national ocean fishing base designated in April 2015, the first of its kind in China. In January 2016, Ganlan was designated as an ocean fishing town at the provincial level as Zhejiang is engaged in regional economic restructuring.
Ganlan is part of Dinghai, one of the bigger islands of the archipelago. The town was a trading center in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) as the local fishing thrived and international buyers and sellers met there conveniently. In recent years, the town has concentrated on ocean fishing, with 16 deep-water wharfs already built. More ambitious projects are going on. Blueprints for future development have been formulated. In 2016, the town saw 27 key projects kick off and twenty-four completed with a total investment of 2.195 billion yuan. The town has partnered with eight countries and regions in ocean fishing. Preparation for setting up an ocean fishing business in Macao is underway.
Ganlan has long since worked with a fishing business in Taiwan and now the cooperation is set to expand in an all-around way. The town plans to build up a synergy of 15 Ganlan-based businesses specialized in processing aquatic products. Nine shipyards in the town are to join hands in shipbuilding and ship repair services. At present, the town has already built up an initial chain of the fishing industry including fishing, processing, cold storage, and trade. As the fishing fleet from Ganlan is busy fishing overseas at present, freezer vessels have had a very busy time, unloading more than one thousand tons of fish every day at Ganlan since January this year.
Ganlan has reached out to other continents for future growth. Jiang Haiwei, chief executive officer of Zhejiang Bohai Fishing Co Ltd, has long since noticed the strategic location and business potentialities of Djibouti in eastern Africa. He said that numerous ships sail on some of the worlds busiest international shipping lanes near Djibouti, but there wasnt any good shipyard and logistics base in the region. He also found that the fishing industry in the Eastern African country wasnt adequate to tap profitably into the fish resources there.
He has visited Djibouti several times. In 2016 alone, Bohai invested 40 million into Djibouti to build a 5,000-ton cold storage as well as facilities to provide water and fuel to ships. Bohai is the first foreign fishing business in Djibouti. The company has been authorized to operate in the African country for 50 years where the company can engage in fishing, aquaculture, aquatic product processing, redevelopment of maritime resources, etc. Moreover, the company has been commissioned to formulate middle-term plans and long-term strategies for the development of the fishing industry of Djibouti.
One of the advantages Djibouti provides is that it takes only five hours to reach the fisheries from the port. Comparatively, it takes about 18 to 20 hours to travel from Ganlan to the fishing grounds nearest to the Zhoushan Archipelago. Ships take about a month to travel from Zhoushan to reach the fisheries near Djibouti. As Djibouti is opening up and China is pushing the Belt & Road Initiative, more and more Chinese investors are coming to Djibouti. Jiang Haiwei believes that geographically Djibouti is as good as Dubai, one of the most convenient and strategically important locations for trade in eastern African countries.
Ganlan is not just about ocean fishing. Historically and culturally, it is important. Folk arts there can be traced to a very long time ago. Paper-cutting enjoys popularity in the town. In 2010, Ganlan Central School was designated as a teaching base for Zhoushan Paper-cutting. Since then, nearly 20 paper-cutting artworks done in the island town have won awards at the provincial and national level.
Zhoushan Fishermens Painting flourished as a national phenomenon in the 1980s. Folk artists in Ganlan contributed substantially to the phenomenon. Today some folk painters in the town are quite active.