張向東+李軍+易富+趙琪琪
摘 要:根據長期暴露在自然環境中的砂質巖體易遭受水及可溶離子化學侵蝕作用的事實,通過對相同濃度不同pH值CaCl2試劑浸泡處理過的砂巖試件進行三軸剪切試驗,根據試驗結果選取符合試驗規律的二階簡化廣義Kelvin流變模型,按照定泊松比假設將其變形為三項應力狀態?;谒阉髂J降淖钚《朔椒ǎ↙SMPS)獲取模型參數最優解,以均方根誤差評價模型對各參數變化的敏感性程度。采用延遲時間評價砂巖在不同化學環境中達到穩定蠕變過程所需時間。通過搜索模式識別的模型參數能夠使模型計算值與加載試驗獲得的實測值比較接近,表明該模型及其參數識別方法在確定受化學因素干擾下的砂巖流變特征比較適用。
關鍵詞:化學侵蝕;砂巖;廣義Kelvin模型;最小二乘原理
中圖分類號:TU452
文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1674-4764(2017)05-0049-07
Abstract:According to the fact that the sandy rock mass exposed to the natural environment is susceptible to water and soluble chemical attack, the triaxial shear test is carried out on sandstone specimens treated with CaCl2 reagent with different pH value. The second-order simplified generalized Kelvin rheological model conforming to the experimental rule is chosen to deform it into three stress states according to the hypothesis of the Poisson's ratio. Based on the least squares method (LSMPS) of the search pattern, the optimal solution of the model parameters is obtained, and the sensitivity of the model to the change of the parameters is evaluated by the root mean square error. The delay time is used to evaluate the time required for the sandstone to stabilize the creep process in different chemical environments. The model parameters identified by the search pattern can make the calculated value of the model close to the measured value obtained by the loading test, which indicates that the model and its parameter identification method are suitable for determining the rheological characteristics of the sandstone under the disturbance of chemical factors.
Keywords:chemical erosion; sandstone; generalized Kelvin model; least squares principle
巖石在一定的外荷載作用下不僅會發生瞬時彈性變形,還會伴隨著具有時間效應的蠕變發生。暴露在自然環境中的砂質巖體除了受到應力狀態、溫度和風化等外界環境的影響外,還受到酸雨及含有腐蝕性的工業污水的滲流和侵蝕作用。這必然會破壞顆粒間膠結作用,造成膠結物質及孔隙充填物的流失,影響砂質巖體工程的長期穩定性。
目前,描述巖石蠕變特性主要借助于經驗公式及元件模型,前者主要依托于大量的工程背景資料不斷修正完善,后者是將實際的工程等效為一系列理想化元件的組合模型?!?br>