微好氧與厭氧水解酸化對明膠廢水的預處理效果

李艷+孔秀琴+賈金娥+蘇瑞

摘 要：以明膠廢水為研究對象，采用微好氧與厭氧水解酸化工藝進行對比處理實驗，探討了不同水力停留時間下微好氧與厭氧水解酸化對明膠廢水水質改善的效果。實驗結果表明，在水力停留時間達到72 h的時候，溶解氧為1.3～1.6 mg/L的微好氧反應器的COD去除率最大可達25%，溶解氧為0.3～0.5 mg/L的厭氧反應器的COD去除率最大可達22%；微好氧反應器的VFA的含量達到12 mg/L左右，厭氧反應器只有8 mg/L左右；微好氧反應器的pH值可由最初的12.5降至7.5左右，而厭氧反應器只能降至8.0左右；兩個反應器對蛋白質去除效果的差別并不明顯，都可以達到90%以上，但是微好氧反應器的氨氮濃度只有22 mg/L，小于厭氧反應器中的氨氮濃度，說明微氧條件有利于氨氮的擴散揮發，低濃度的氨氮對微生物的危害較小。對比得出微好氧反應器的出水水質較好，更適合明膠廢水水解酸化的預處理。

關鍵詞：明膠廢水；預處理；微好氧；水解酸化

中圖分類號：X131.2

文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-4764（2017）05-0129-06

Abstract：The micro aerobic and anaerobic hydrolysis acidification were used to improve the quality of gelatin wastewater. The effects of hydraulic retention time were explored. The experimental results showed that when the hydraulic retention time was 72 h， the COD removal rate of micro aerobic reactor could reach up to 25% when dissolved oxygen was 1.3～1.6 mg/L， and that of anaerobic reactor up to 22% when dissolved oxygen was 0.3～0.5 mg/L. The content of VFA of micro aerobic reactor was 12 mg/L， and that of the anaerobic reactor was lower to 8 mg/L. The pH of aerobic reactor was reduced to 7.5 from original 12.5， and that of the anaerobic reactor was reduced to 8.0. The removal rate of protein for both reactors was more than 90%. However， the ammonia nitrogen of micro aerobic reactor was only 22 mg/L， less than that of the anaerobic reactor， which indicated that anaerobic conditions was beneficial for spread and volatile of ammonia nitrogen. All the data suggested that hydrolytic acidification of micro aerobic reactor was better than anaerobic reactor for the pretreatment of gelatin wastewater.

Keywords：gelatin wastewater； pretreatment； micro aerobic； hydrolytic acidification

明膠業是中國的重要工業之一，但是，明膠生產廢水量大，廢水污染特性為高鈣（800～2 000 mg/L）、高堿（pH值>11）、高蛋白質（COD 500～2 000 mg/L、總氮140～300 mg/L），治理難度大[1]。同時，利用活性污泥法處理會產生大量含鈣剩余污泥，增加污泥處理的成本[2]。如何采用有效的手段降低明膠廢水的高鈣、高堿、高蛋白質的特性是有效治理明膠生產廢水迫切需要解決的問題。

由于物理處理法成本較高，在實踐應用中，針對明膠廢水的處理工藝基本以生物處理法為主，主要包括光合細菌法、序批式活性污泥法、厭氧好氧工藝法等。由……