負載型γ—Al2O3三維粒子電極的制備及其對氯霉素的降解

孫永軍

摘 要：以γ-Al2O3為載體，將Ti和Sn兩種元素進行負載制備負載型γ-Al2O3粒子電極，采用X射線衍射（XRD）、掃描電鏡（SEM）、X射線熒光光譜（XRF）、紅外光譜（IR）對γ-Al2O3和負載型γ-Al2O3粒子電極進行表征。研究了電解時間對三維粒子電極法電催化氧化氯霉素的影響。采用初始濃度100 mg/L的CAP模擬廢水，持續電解3 h后，制備的粒子電極通過三維電解對CAP去除率為72.8%，對TOC去除率低于3.7%，說明負載型γ-Al2O3粒子電極對氯霉素礦化作用較小。三維粒子電極對氯霉素的降解過程近似符合一級動力學方程，CAP初始濃度對去除率影響較小。粒子電極電催化氧化CAP的關鍵因素之一為·OH，外加叔丁醇對·OH進行清洗，相同條件下，氯霉素去除率降低至30%左右，表明氯霉素的降解是由陽極氧化和·OH間接氧化兩種途徑協同作用的。

關鍵詞：粒子電極；氯霉素；電催化；動力學；間接氧化

中圖分類號：TQ316.3

文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-4764（2017）05-0140-07

Abstract：In this paper， γ-Al2O3 was used as the carrier to screen the active ingredients. As the result， Ti and Sn were used to prepared the supported γ-Al2O3 Particle. IR， XRD， SEM， and XRD were used to characterize the particle electrode. The effect of electrolysis time on the three-dimensional particle electrode electro-catalytic oxidation of chloramphenicol was studied The chloramphenicol removal rate and TOC removal rate were 72.8% and 4.2% obtained at 100 mg/L chloramphenicol and 180 min， respectively. The degradation process of chloramphenicol was approximate first-order kinetics equation， and the initial concentration had less effect on the removal. ·OH played a key role in particle electrodes electro-catalytic oxidation process of chloramphenicol. Adding t-butanol to clean ·OH， the removal of chloramphenicol was reduced to about 30% under the same conditions. This indicated that the degradation of the chloramphenicol was coordinated effect of directed oxidation of anode and indirected oxidation of ·OH.

Keywords：particle electrodes； chloramphenicol； electrochemical catalysis； dynamics； indirect oxidation

隨著社會發展，對于水污染問題的研究重心正在由傳統的多環芳烴、農藥等物質向新興污染物轉變[1-2]。其中，藥品和個人護理產品（PPCPS）逐漸成為一種新興污染源，而抗生素污染是PPCPs污染中最亟待解決的一類[3]?？股乇粡V泛用于人類和動物，因其難以被自然降解，所以，會在環境中富集存在。環境中殘存的抗生素不僅會危害人類健康[4]，還會導致抗藥性微生物的生長、進化，嚴重危害生態環境的穩定性。目前，因抗生素存在巨大潛在危害，故其治理問題越來越受到關注[5]。

人體的骨髓造血系統對氯霉素（chloramphenicol，chloromycetin， CAP）有嚴重不良反應，可引起再生障礙性貧血，還存在致癌和遺傳風險，此外，還會影響人體內正常的菌群功能，使人體更易感染疾病[6]。……