科學界的巨匠

物理學家。江西宜黃人。1929年畢業于南京東南大學。1937年獲英國曼徹斯特大學理學博士學位。吉林大學教授。主要從事x射線晶體學、金屬物理、固體物理理論等方面的研究與教學并取得突出成就。30年代研制出中國第一臺蓋革計數器。1942年創立x射線晶體結構分析新綜合法，被國際晶體學界譽為國際上第一流晶體學家。40年代研制出中國第一臺抽氣式x光機。1950年研制出中國第一支醫用封閉式x光管。70年代在固體與分子經驗電子理論研究方面獲重要成果。在培養科學人才方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Yihuang， Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Dongnan University， Nanjing in 1929. Received Sc.D. from Manchest University ， UK in 1937. Professor， Jilin University.

Yu is mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields of X-ray crystallography， metal physics and solid physics and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1930s， he developed Chinas first Geiger counter. In 1942， he established a new synthesis method of X-ray crystal structure analysis and therefore was regarded as the first class crystallographist in the world. He also developed Chinas first pumped X-ray generator in the 1940s and first pumped X-ray tube for medical use in the 1950s. In the 1970s， he made important successes in empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules. He also contributed a lot to the training of scientefic personnel.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

天文學家。福建閩侯人。1926年畢業于美國芝加哥大學天文學系。1929年獲葉凱士天文臺天文學博士學位。中國科學院紫金山天文臺研究員、臺長、名譽臺長。1928年發現1125號小行星，命名為“中華”。30多年來拍攝和領導拍攝到7000多次小行星和彗星的精確位置，發現80多顆小行星和3顆命名為“紫金山”的新彗星。1957年初應用天體力學基礎理論對人造衛星軌道問題作了開創性研究。開創并領導了多個領域天文學 研究，取得多項重要成果。在天文學史研究、天文儀器研制、天文科普、推進學術交流等方面作了大量工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Astronomer. Born in Minghou， Fujian province. Grakuated from the Department of Astronommy University of Chicago in 1926. Rcecived Ph.D. in astronomics from Yerkes Observatory in 1929. Research professor， director and honorary director， Purple Mountain Observatory， Chinese Academy of sciences.

Zhang discovered the asteroid， No. 1125， and named as “China”. In more than 30 years， he observed and was in charge of the observation of the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets and discovered over 80asteroids and 3 new comets which were named as “Tsuchinshan”. In the early 1957， he made original research on the orbits of artificial satellites with the fundamental theories of celestial mechanics. He opened up and led the astronomical research in several fields and obtained a number of important achievements. He conducted a great amount of research on the astronomical history， astronomical instrument design and astronomical popular science and promoted academic exchange and cooperation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

物理學家。浙江東陽人。1923年畢業于南京高等師范學校和東南大學。1925年獲法國巴黎大學碩士學位，1927年獲法國國家科學博士學位。1948年當選為中央研究院院士。中國科學院學部主席團名譽主席，中國科技大學教授、校長、名譽校長。中國現代物理學研究的開創人之一。精確測定了居里壓電效應“反現象”，發現光雙折射效應；系統研究了水晶圓柱體施加扭力起電現象，發現水晶扭電定律；深入研究了堿金屬蒸氣等光譜，發現軸向對稱分子有效截面數值和費米—萊因斯伯格方程不符，并為原子物理學中的斯塔克效應等提供了豐富的實驗證明；精確測定了臭氧紫外吸收系數，被世界各國氣象學家用來觀測高空臭氧層的變化達30年之久；研究壓力對照相乳膠感光性能的影響，發現壓力能減弱乳膠感光性能。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Dongyang， Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Nanjing College and Southeast University in 1923. Received MS from Paris University， France in 1925 and French national doctor of science in 1927. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Honorary president， Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， and professor， president and honorary president， University of Science and Technology of China.

Yan is one of the founders of modern physics research in China. He precisely determined the “Adverse Phenomena” of the Curie piezoelectric effedt and discovered the dual –refraction effect of light. He tackled and examined systematically the electrification phenomena of the crystal cylinder under torsion， established the crystal torsion-electricity principle， carried out deepgoing investigation on the spectrum of alkaline metal vapor， etc.. and discolsed the axis-symmetric molecular effective cross-section value different from that of the Fermi-Linesburg Epuation， providing abundant experimental evidences for the Stack effect in atomic physics. He also precisely edtermined the ultra-violet absorbing coefficient of ozone， which was used for over 30years for observing the varation of the ozonosphere depth by meteorologists from all over the world. In his study on the influence of pressure on the light-sensitivity of photoemulsion， he found that pressure turns out tu weaken emulsions sensitivity.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

物理學家、晶體學家。浙江湖州人。1928年畢業于南京東南大學，1933年清華大學研究員研究生畢業。1936年獲英國曼徹斯特大學物理學博士學位。中國科學院物理研究所研究員、代所長、顧問。主要從事晶體物理學和X射線晶體學的研究，是中國晶體物理學研究的主要創始人之一和X射線晶體學研究隊伍的主要創建人。早年首創的利用晶體點陣常數測定相圖中固溶度線的方法，至今仍被廣泛采用。在應用X射線多晶粉末法研究晶體結構和合金相圖等方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist and crystallographer.Born in Huzhou，Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Dongnan University， Nanjing in 1928. Finished postgraduate study in the Graduate School， Tsinghua University in 1933. Received doctor of physics from Manchester University， UK in 1936. Research professor， actingdiredtor and advisor， Institute of Physics， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Lu was mainly engaged in the research on crystal physics and X-ray crystallography. He was one of the primary originators of crystal physics study in China and the chief founder of Chinas research contingent for X-ray crystallography. In his early years， he initiated the method for the determination of solid solubility curves in a phase diagram by using crystal lattice constants， which is still used today. Hh also made important contributions to the study of crystal structures and alloy phase diagrams by applying X-ray multi-crystal powder diffraction techniques.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.