科學界的巨匠

物理學家。江西宜黃人。1929年畢業于南京東南大學。1937年獲英國曼徹斯特大學理學博士學位。吉林大學教授。主要從事x射線晶體學、金屬物理、固體物理理論等方面的研究與教學并取得突出成就。30年代研制出中國第一臺蓋革計數器。1942年創立x射線晶體結構分析新綜合法，被國際晶體學界譽為國際上第一流晶體學家。40年代研制出中國第一臺抽氣式x光機。1950年研制出中國第一支醫用封閉式x光管。70年代在固體與分子經驗電子理論研究方面獲重要成果。在培養科學人才方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Yihuang， Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Dongnan University， Nanjing in 1929. Received Sc.D. from Manchest University ， UK in 1937. Professor， Jilin University.

Yu is mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields of X-ray crystallography， metal physics and solid physics and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1930s， he developed Chinas first Geiger counter. In 1942， he established a new synthesis method of X-ray crystal structure analysis and therefore was regarded as the first class crystallographist in the world. He also developed Chinas first pumped X-ray generator in the 1940s and first pumped X-ray tube for medical use in the 1950s. In the 1970s， he made important successes in empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules. He also contributed a lot to the training of scientefic personnel.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

天文學家。福建閩侯人。1926年畢業于美國芝加哥大學天文學系。1929年獲葉凱士天文臺天文學博士學位。中國科學院紫金山天文臺研究員、臺長、名譽臺長。1928年發現1125號小行星，命名為“中華”。30多年來拍攝和領導拍攝到7000多次小行星和彗星的精確位置，發現80多顆小行星和3顆命名為“紫金山”的新彗星。1957年初應用天體力學基礎理論對人造衛星軌道問題作了開創性研究。開創并領導了多個領域天文學 研究，取得多項重要成果。在天文學史研究、天文儀器研制、天文科普、推進學術交流等方面作了大量工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Astronomer. Born in Minghou， Fujian province. Grakuated from the Department of Astronommy University of Chicago in 1926. Rcecived Ph.D. in astronomics from Yerkes Observatory in 1929. Research professor， director and honorary director， Purple Mountain Observatory， Chinese Academy of sciences.

Zhang discovered the asteroid， No. 1125， and named as “China”. In more than 30 years， he observed and was in charge of the observation of the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets and discovered over 80asteroids and 3 new comets which were named as “Tsuchinshan”. In the early 1957， he made original research on the orbits of artificial satellites with the fundamental theories of celestial mechanics. He opened up and led the astronomical research in several fields and obtained a number of important achievements. He conducted a great amount of research on the astronomical history， astronomical instrument design and astronomical popular science and promoted academic exchange and cooperation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

物理學家。浙江東陽人。1923年畢業于南京高等師范學校和東南大學。1925年獲法國巴黎大學碩士學位，1927年獲法國國家科學博士學位。1948年當選為中央研究院院士。中國科學院學部主席團名譽主席，中國科技大學教授、校長、名譽校長。……