孫慶江
【摘要】本文就高考英語完形填空的解題方法從“原詞復現”和語篇的關聯性這一角度入手,以2012年合肥模考試卷和近年高考試卷為素材,用大量詳實的案例,分析完形填空強化對語言知識與應用的考查,著眼于語篇的關聯性和完整性,突出語境,注重語篇,強調語用的特點。
【關鍵詞】完型填空 原詞復現 關聯性 整體性
高考英語完形填空著重測試考查學生的把握全篇,根據上下文進行綜合分析、推理判斷、動詞語境分析、行文的邏輯關系等綜合運用英語的能力。在解題時,應首先跳過空格處快速通讀全文,了解文章主旨和情節脈絡,確定解題思路。關鍵是考生要根據話題和上下文的關聯,借助已知信息“重現文意的過程”,在語境中考查對語篇意義的連貫性和使用詞語的準確性。“完形”須先“完意”,即在把握語篇的宏觀結構、領會其主旨大意的基礎上,根據行文邏輯關系、句子結構和詞語的含義,準確理解空白處的確切意義,以恢復語篇的完整。由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關聯的語篇,圍繞一個話題論述,因此,行文中詞語的重復、替代、復現和同現現象是不可避免的。根據這個原則,某一個空格對應的答案很可能就是在上下文中復現或同現的相關詞,考生可以根據這些詞之間的有機聯系來確定答案。所以,解題時應聯系上下文尋找相關線索,利用上下文尋找解題信息,如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下一詞和概括詞等。空白處的詞語要么是相關語句信息的結合點,要么是句式結構連接點,要么是語篇銜接的紐帶。還可能是因為文章中因為上下文關聯性的原詞復現。下面就以2012年合肥模考試卷和近年高考試卷為素材,就完形填空中原詞復現和語境的關聯性談一談自己粗淺的認識。
【2012.合肥三模】What if you need more information on a subject but your class doesnt have _____ to the Internet?...When on the Internet, all you have to do is ____ what you are looking for and you can get endless information on that 47
A. problem B. question C. subject D. matter
【解題思路】答案:C 原詞再現。上文…on a subject…下文正好出現on that 47 ,注重語篇上下文的聯系性,解題時要瞻前顧后,上下求索。
【2012.合肥三模】If teachers give this 48 ,then students do need to respect it and not (49)(abuse) the freedom. That means if a teacher allows you to look up something,…
48 .A. request B. permission C. kindness D. honour
【解題思路】答案:B 此題依然屬于原詞再現。只不過詞性發生了變化。下文的…a teacher allows you to…老師允許你去查詢某事,即上文teachers give this 48 的原意重現,老師給出這個允許。
【2012.合肥二模】The American parenting style is characterized by an active interest and involvement in childrens lives…This way of 39 may not be considered valuable in other parts of the world,
39. A. consulting B. arguing C. referring D. parenting
【解題思路】答案:D 原詞復現。上文The American parenting style…,下文This way of 39 ,復現 parenting.
【2012.合肥二模】American parents 50 children with a strong support system and give them 51 in their own abilities. When children are fully confident that their parents are concerned
52 and affected by their behavior,they become 53 and self-assured.
51. A. support B. assistance C. judgment D. confidence
【解題思路】答案:D 下文有When children are fully confident that their parents are concerned…由此可知give them confidence in their own abilities. 原詞重現,詞性發生了改變,形容詞confident變成了名詞confidence.
【2011.全國Ⅰ】The professor…placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans,and invited the students to
38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses.
38. A . count B. guess C . report D. watch
【解題思路】答案:B. 此題屬于原詞復現,只不過詞性發生了變化。在后一句,即39空后,有wrong guesses,所以可知此處教授是讓學生們猜測罐中有多少干豆。
【2011.北京】…I didnt even know the rules of the game… I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the 49 and the “moves”.
49. A.steps B. orders C.rules D.games
【解題思路】答案:C.在上文中有這樣一句話 …I didnt even know the rules of the game… 這是原詞復現,作者開始對籃球規則不知道,但是經過反復訓練后,很快就知道“規則”(rules)了。
【2011.湖南】After considering this phenomenon,I decided I was going to 36 the way I was doing things. …this is where I should have changed…
A. change B. explain C. learn D. show
【解題思路】答案:A.考查動詞。考慮到這一現象,我決定改變(change)我做事的方式。后面有原詞重現提示 …this is where I should have changed…
原詞重現是指某一個詞以它的原詞、同根詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞以及意思相關的短語或句子的形式,在文章中反復出現,以使上下文銜接得更加緊密,或以達到強調的目的。重現的形式通常有三種:原詞或同根詞重現,同義詞、近義詞或反義詞重現和上下義詞重現。其中考查最多的是實詞,比如名詞、動詞等,這類詞一般涉及名詞的種類、范圍、性質、同一個動詞在上下文出現,或者該動詞以名詞的形式出現在上下文中(同源復現)。endprint