劉慧
與時代同行,繪壯美河山——金秋時節,浙籍中國畫名家陳家泠藝術大展在中國國家博物館展出。布置在4大展廳的百余件作品,精彩呈現了陳家泠近5年來推陳出新創作的主題山水巨作:從延安、梁家河到井岡山、太行山,從渾厚華滋的中國水墨畫到傳統陶瓷繪畫等,構建了飽含浪漫主義精神、大氣與美感兼備的筆墨精神,集中表現了他堅守藝術理想、堅持服務人民的情懷。展覽也是藝術家獻給中共十九大的一份真摯厚禮。
陳家泠生于1937年,1963年畢業于浙江美術學院(今中國美術學院),目前是中國國家畫院首聘研究員、上海大學美術學院國畫系教授。陳家泠是上世紀80年代以來中國畫創新歷程中最具代表性的畫家之一,他用心靈在時代與傳統中構建美學坐標,在藝術和生活中凸顯人的精神和生命狀態。
匠心獨具 深情描繪新西湖
這是一張中國國家博物館發出的請柬——上面印著陳家泠為G20杭州峰會創作的著名國畫《西湖景色》,湖光云影,溫馨入懷。
2016年9月4日,出席G20杭州峰會歡迎儀式的各國元首、國際組織領導人合影留念的背景畫,就是高2米、寬5米的《西湖景色》。2017年9月5日,陳家泠專程趕到杭州西子賓館,小心翼翼地將這幅巨作送往國家博物館。
回顧這幅畫的創作過程,陳家泠說:“我畢業于西子湖畔的浙江美術學院,我曾系統地畫過西湖十景,西湖秀美典雅的氤氳水氣,早已打濕了我的心。”他受邀為G20杭州峰會創作一幅全新的西湖圖,然而畫過西湖的人太多了,如何才能畫出讓人耳目一新的當代新西湖?又如何讓外國友人讀懂獨特的中國水墨語言,感悟西子湖的獨特韻味?難題,顯而易見。他笑言:“突然有一天,我想到了‘峰這個字。峰會,峰會,我何不畫群峰勝水,來烘托這一盛會?”在陳家泠心底的畫板上,西湖可以與世界上最漂亮的地方媲美,同樣,西湖也象征著當代中國的開放與包容。
對西湖的真摯熱愛,激起陳家泠極大的創作欲望。他給自己定下了“畫西湖生命之水,畫人類之大情懷”的目標:杭州有深厚的歷史底蘊和人文內涵,作為南宋古都,有別于北方的厚重端凝。這里的山水靈氣十足,因此技法上既要寫實又要寫意,才能描摹這人間的勝景。
無疑,陳家泠是活躍在當今中國藝術界的扛旗人物。改革開放初期,他是最早走出國門,接觸世界現代美術的國畫家之一。無論是在德國藝術學院的講臺上、在著名畫廊和拍賣行中,還是在美國藝術評論家庫恩所著《當代中國美術史》的封面上,陳家泠個性鮮明的觀點和作品,都代表了中國畫的創新和自信。
未能拋得杭州去,一半勾留是此湖。這次,陳家泠巧用淡妝點綴西湖,襯托盛會的隆重:淡妝,是溫潤的色彩,輕盈的構圖,代表了當代中國的活力。這種軟實力的含蓄,象征著氣定神閑的優雅。
《西湖景色》,一幅陳家泠繪畫語言的淡妝墨韻。與傳統水墨不同的是,陳家泠更重視色彩——那些重重疊疊渲染的淡彩水墨,從淡到濃,從虛到實,煙雨朦朧,自然天趣——這緣于杭州人陳家泠從小到大對西湖的一往情深。
從《西湖景色》中,人們分別看到了畫家的兩種天性:靜逸和抒情。數十年來,陳家泠一邊吸收傳統文化,一邊融會現代精神。這種富有東方意韻的新藝術,是從傳統文化里生長出來的新穎審美圖式,帶著他的思想、帶著時代意象,走向更加廣闊的地平線。
丹青抒懷 萬里江山筆下生
此次“陳家泠藝術大展”,與《西湖景色》一起展出的還有不少他近5年來創作、首次與觀眾見面的巨幅畫作。它們是陳家泠深入基層采風寫生的結晶,也是他為時代發聲的新探索,更是變“寫生”為“意構”、化“寫境”為“意境”的成功之作。
四望展廳,那些令人震撼的巨幅畫作畫面雄渾壯美,一片勃勃生機,充滿了浪漫主義色彩。久久佇立,細細品味,觀者自然而然地融入到這些雄山大川之中——
先看《延安晨韻》,黃土高坡質樸豪放、溝壑雄奇,晨光若隱若現,樹木蔥蘢接天——黃與綠,漫過一道道山來一道道溝,讓人感受到一股巨大的精神力量。
寶塔山下,延河岸邊,畫家的人生經驗和藝術技法都有所突破。陳家泠說,他眼里的延安是熠熠生輝的,它的光亮意味深長,那是生命力、活力、朝氣凝聚而成的希望之光。
再看《井岡主峰》,群峰蒼翠、山川秀美,美麗、崇高、氣度得到了充分體現,觀者更能從中體會到昂揚向上的生命力。正如陳家泠所言,他表現的是祖國朝氣蓬勃的萬千氣象,把山川的郁郁蔥蔥融化在歷史的厚重和時代的空間里。
重上井岡山,彈指一揮間。50多年前,剛從浙江美術學院畢業的陳家泠曾登上井岡山主峰。隨著人生閱歷的不斷豐富,幾十年后再上井岡山,陳家泠對革命精神和山川自然的理解也發生了深刻變化,因而筆下的井岡山更有了無限的生機和活力。
站在《太行山鐵壁銅墻》前,你可以感受到革命戰士身上不怕犧牲、勇往直前的精神。這就是理想和信念,激勵著一代代中國人為振興中華而奮斗。
跟隨陳家泠,爬過一坡又一坡,走過一村又一村。
突然,呈現在你眼前的是《梁家河可美了》:一片燦若彩霞的桃花,是那么搖曳多姿;一片漫山遍野的映山紅,是那么灑脫熱烈。畫面恣肆通達,卻大有厚積薄發之勢……
陳家泠就是這樣,擅于抓住大自然變化的生動情景,描繪出壯美山河的千情萬態。
他以傳神畫筆再現祖國山川的錦繡壯麗,如一首山河史詩;他以水墨表現社會,處處洋溢著人民生活的幸福感、喜悅感。他始終肩負著藝術家的職責使命,描繪時代畫卷,詮釋時代精神,以美術傳承歷史,抒寫新的篇章。endprint
圖像重構 瓷上荷花別樣紅
你無法想象,偌大展廳里會有如此美景——西湖六月中,荷花別樣紅。而這綠荷,是盛開在需3人才能合抱的13只巨型大缸上。
從沒看到有人在大型瓷器上畫荷花,陳家泠是第一人!
這么多的巨型大缸,畫了多久?又是怎樣燒造成功的?
其實,早在2013年,陳家泠的瓷器繪畫作品就已被國家博物館收藏。在他看來,中國是瓷器的故鄉,中國的瓷器制造技術傳到世界各國,為中外文化交流作出了重要貢獻。在英語中,“瓷器”與“中國”同為China一詞。“一個中國的藝術家怎能不認識瓷器、熱愛瓷器、表達瓷器?”
在陳家泠心中,一只巨型大缸,就如同一只大鼎,因為“鼎”象征著國家的莊重、鼎盛與大氣——他就是想通過展覽讓觀眾看到祖國的繁榮昌盛,為身處這樣一個偉大的時代而無比自豪。
這次展出的13只巨型大缸,正是陳家泠藝術創作的又一次創新之舉——《步步生蓮》和《喜笑顏開》兩個系列的釉里紅,以荷花與石榴象征和美世界,表達對生活真摯的愛。
從2016年開始,陳家泠在瓷都景德鎮燒造了40只大缸,每畫一只大缸需耗時5個晝夜,一窯只能燒三四只,每一次開窯卻可能沒有一只成功。這位80歲的老人不停地想、不停地畫,斷斷續續在景德鎮待了一年多。
杭州,是陳家泠生于茲、長于茲的故鄉。他以獨特的感受和領悟,探索表現家鄉的醇厚美麗——他要把西湖的荷,畫在這些大缸上,讓全世界人民欣賞。
清澈情懷,“步步生蓮”。9月6日,陳家泠從上海趕往景德鎮,為國博大展挑選作品。當筆者在景德鎮望龍陶瓷廠遇見陳家泠時,他正像個孩子一樣興高采烈——“40只大缸燒成了15只,當然這已經是很奢侈了!”
與水墨國畫不同的是,陳家泠繪制的瓷器作品更重視色彩,那重重疊疊或淡或濃的水墨渲染,從虛到實,自然天趣,風中搖曳的荷花空靈飄逸……心靈語境,構建了陳家泠的藝術審美坐標。
筆墨出新 淡妝濃抹總相宜
家鄉和西湖,在陳家泠的筆下出現過無數次,為了這次國博大展,他又一次創作了《西湖十景》。
“西湖十景太有名了,你要畫,人們就等著看你的藝術修養、技術含量到底到了什么程度。”對陳家泠來說,在技巧和修養上,這是一個挑戰。
他畫“曲院風荷”,自認為是在“重彩”課題上的突破——荷花紅色亮麗,但絕不艷俗,配以綠葉,高潔飄逸,充滿了東方神韻。
“越是美,就越難畫,西湖就像東方美女,線條太柔和、微妙和含蓄了。”陳家泠說,線條的運用成功與否,是一個藝術家成熟的標志,也是一種膽氣。
畫“柳浪聞鶯”,他用長線條,傳達風吹楊柳的動態;“雙峰插云”,他運用點筆表達空靈;“斷橋殘雪”,雪在水面上似化非化;“三潭印月”,月光似水清澈;“南屏晚鐘”,溪流如鐘聲,竟有潺潺流淌之感……
展廳里,《西湖十景》每景由5個連屏構成,每屏5米寬、2.3米高。“畫西湖,就要畫出她的文化含量。”在陳家泠心里,西湖是活的,有生命力的。
從《西湖景色》到《西湖十景》,緣于陳家泠從小到大對西湖的一往情深。他說:“從傳統藝術中鉆進去,再鉆出來,我感到自己在繪畫上已進入一個自由和靈動的狀態。”他的創作形成了一種全新的開放性藝術語匯,一種鮮活的生命氣象,代表著這個時代的新水墨精神。國家博物館館長呂章申說,展覽結束后,《西湖十景》將由國博永久收藏。
“我是踏著時代脈搏走來的。”陳家泠一句話概括了他的創作。他說,人是應該有信仰、有追求的,山和花的精氣神充分體現了中國人綿延數千年的精神氣質。藝術家要永遠保持對祖國、對人民的赤子之心。因此,他的繪畫中,既有豐富的浪漫主義精神又飽含現實主義精神,建構起心靈融通的美學意境,傳遞出振奮人心的精神力量。
澄懷天地,觀道時代,陳家泠把這一原則作為美學的終極追求。
Chen Jialing Holds Solo Show at National Art Museum
By Liu Hui
The 81-year-old Chen Jialing, a professor with the Department of Traditional Chinese Painting of the Art Academy of Shanghai University, held a solo show at National Art Museum of China from September 17 to October 15, 2017. This was the culmination of the artists 60-plus -year career.
A native of Hangzhou, Chen studied art at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, the predecessor of China Academy of Art based in the capital city of Zhejiang Province. Upon graduation in 1963, he was employed by Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts.
Chen Jialing has been one of the most high-profile Chinese artists since the 1980s. In the 1980s, he was among the first Chinese artists who went international. From the 1980s to the first few years of the 21st century, he exhibited his works of art in more than 20 countries and regions such as Japan, USA, Germany, and France.endprint
Chen is a creative and versatile artist. He has made innovations in traditional painting and successfully explored the properties of various painting materials. His graceful style integrates various elements of landscape, figure, flowers-birds, all being subgenres in traditional Chinese painting. By absorbing the elements from painting, porcelain, embroidery, furniture, garments, he has convincingly demonstrated how art can present three dimensional images.
The finest artwork he has created is very probably the huge landscape he painted for the G20 Summit Meeting in Hangzhou in 2016. The 2-meter-tall, 5-meter-wide served as the background when heads of states and international organizations stood together for a group photo to mark the historical occasion. Thanks to his reputation both as a representative Chinese traditionalist and innovative artist, Chen was commissioned to create a painting of the West Lake for the key international event. He had painted the top ten highlights of the West Lake. This time, the artist wanted to create something original, something traditional yet unseen before. After all, too many artists had painted West Lake. One day, he hit upon the idea of highlighting peaks around the West Lake in his new creation. This inspiration laid the foundation for the painting since it was a summit meeting.
Unlike some traditional artists, Chen applied layers of colors and the thick colors reflect his passion for the lake in his heart and soul. Serenity and lyricism, two outstanding features of his artistic persona, makes the painting irresistible.
After the G20 Summit, the painting stayed at the venue in Hangzhou for about a year, attracting many visitors from near and far to admire it. On September 5, 2017 he came to Hangzhou personally to see off the huge artwork on its journey from the venue to the National Art Museum of China in Beijing.
On display at the exhibition were many artworks he specially created for this exhibition. Many were created in the past five years, including those portraying revolutionary cradles in the first half of the 20th century and singing of the achievements China has scored over the past decades. Outstanding were huge paintings under a general title of . Each scene is composed of five pieces and each piece is 5 meters wide and 2.3 meters tall.
Also on display at the exhibition were 13 giant porcelain vats made by him and his son together. The paintings on the jars were his. Chen Jialing turned to porcelain art in 2000. Over years he experimented and perfected. The 13 vats came out of a batch of 40, fired at a kiln in Jingdezhen, a capital of porcelain making in Jiangxi Province. From 2016 on, he spent about a year in Jingdezhen to paint and make the 40 vats. Usually he needed five days and nights to complete a painting on a vat and only 3 or 4 vats could be fired together at a kiln. Sometimes all the vats in one kiln could be failures. Altogether only 15 of the 40 were without blemishes.
The thirteen on display were in two series: lotus flowers and pomegranates. The vats are so huge that it takes three persons to spread their arms and touch each other from fingertip to fingertip to hold around a single vat.endprint