余光中留在西湖的詩韻

郭之鯤

“西湖的美是永恒的”

余光中先生和杭州淵源頗深。他對西湖情有獨鐘，多次來到杭州，還跟妻子一起來“尋根”。2011年春，他在杭州接受了浙江大學傳媒與國際文化學院客座教授的聘書，從此成為了一位“浙大人”。

次年金秋，他在夫人的陪同下來杭州，參加了2012西湖國際詩會。詩友們在運河邊一起慶祝他85歲生日。余光中現場朗誦起他的《斷橋殘雪》——

“黑底相襯匾書的金字，正是‘云水光中，十景起點，湖光向西南開展，就算橋真的斷了，多少故事與柳線爭長，怎能就了斷，一陣風來，皺了西子的妝鏡。”

這首詩歌，是余光中寫給西湖的。他是地道的杭州女婿，岳父是浙江大學教授范賚，曾在園藝系做主任。夫人范我存，杭州刀茅巷出生，在杭州生活到6歲。范我存小名咪咪，是余光中的遠房表妹，兩人2016年慶祝了鉆石婚。

5年前，和夫人范我存一起回杭州尋根時，余光中曾說：“6歲的時候，父親第一次帶我出門旅游，就來到了杭州西湖。我夫人也是在6歲那年爬的北高峰。”在余光中眼里，每一次來杭州游西湖，永遠跟6歲第一次見到時那樣美。“西湖的美是永恒的，無論蘇東坡之前，還是之后。它一直都是如此美麗動人，吸引著中外游客來膜拜這位女神。”

浙江文藝出版社出版的《凡·高的向日葵——余光中散文》一書，其中有余光中寫2011年杭州行的一篇《西湖懷古》。那年他去浙大紫金港校區的國際會議中心演講，一開場就說“我一結婚就跟浙江大學發生了關系”，把臺下浙大學生逗得哄堂大笑。余光中解釋，“我去杭州，另有一個動機，就是成全吾妻的尋根之旅……更高興的是浙大事先已搜集到有關我岳父的資料，也在那場合一并相贈。”

金陵子弟江湖客。余光中先生一生漂泊，他祖籍是福建泉州永春，1928年重九日生于南京。9歲因戰亂逃離故鄉，母親把幼小的余光中放進籮筐用扁擔挑在肩上，一路逃到常州，后又避難于重慶。抗戰勝利后返回南京，又到上海、廈門，再從大陸到香港然后到臺灣，之后求學于美國，任教于香港，在臺北居住多年，最終落腳于臺灣高雄西子灣畔。正是頻繁的奔波遷徙、聚散離合，使他寫下了著名的《鄉愁》。

杭州詩人舒羽和余光中算是“忘年交”。舒羽后來發現，她小時候的音樂啟蒙老師、古琴名家高醒華，正是余光中就讀金陵大學時的老同學。余光中在《西子湖到西子灣》一文中曾說：“我下次再去杭州，醒華當為我撫琴。”2012年的重陽節，余光中實現了這個心愿。在杭州的生日宴上，高醒華用古琴彈了一曲《良宵引》，舒羽用古箏演奏了一曲《高山流水》，而余光中則用古調吟唱了蘇軾的名篇《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》。

舒羽在一篇文中寫道：“2012年2月，我開車載余先生和范我存師母，先領略了千島湖的浩渺湖景。第二天在桐廬，細雨中上桐君山，去蘆茨灣，游嚴子陵釣臺……接著我們去了紹興，下榻大禹陵旁的度假村。在沈園的陸放翁老學庵里，他認認真真地捧一本書，做‘活到老學到老的樣子，留了一張影。”另外一次是舒羽陪余光中去湖州。在浙江，余光中還去過溫州和雁蕩山，但來得最多的還是杭州。”

舒羽說：“他為西湖特地寫了《斷橋殘雪》，也為大運河寫過《拱宸橋詩會》。一代大詩人的兩首與杭州有關的詩，我都是第一個讀者，我現在想起來還是倍感欣慰的。”

遨游在寫作的四維空間

然而很多人可能并不知道，除了《鄉愁》，余光中的詩歌還有長詩、敘事詩。除了詩歌，還寫有許多優美雋永的散文。早在1996年，余光中就與浙江文藝結緣。當時余光中還在高雄中山大學當教授。在過去的20年里，浙江文藝出版社推出了《余光中散文》四個版本，歷經出版社三任編輯。

余光中的散文色彩與清淡兼存，往往在色彩中見感性、清淡中見韻味，造就一種高遠不凡的詩境。

梁實秋曾稱贊他“右手寫詩，左手寫散文，成就之高，一時無兩”。

余光中的詩文如《鄉愁》《翠玉白菜》《我的四個假想敵》《聽聽那冷雨》《車過枋寮》等多篇名作收入教科書。他的多件作品被楊弦、李泰祥、羅大佑等人譜成歌曲傳唱。

余光中一生從事詩歌、散文和評論、翻譯工作，自稱為遨游在寫作的四維空間。除了《鄉愁》，他還有那么多優美的詩歌和散文，還有《梵谷傳》（《梵高傳》）、《土耳其現代詩選》和王爾德的《不可兒戲》、海明威的《老人與海》等精彩的翻譯作品。

永遠的鄉愁，永遠的余光中

半個世紀過去了，為什么我們還會被那首《鄉愁》深深打動？很多人對余光中詩作《鄉愁》的巨大影響和穿透力覺得不可思議，以致有這么一個說法：凡是有華人腳印的地方，就會響起《鄉愁》的吟誦聲。這是一個非常奇特的文壇現象。

其實余光中后來并不太樂意在公眾場合吟誦這首詩。事后他說，希望大家看看他其他主題的詩，而不僅僅是《鄉愁》。他自己就經常說，這首詩他不過花20多分鐘就寫出來了。但也許就是因為這首詩的盛名遮蔽了他真正的佳作光輝。《鄉愁四韻》《登長城》《訪故宮》《三生石》《嘉陵江水》等比《鄉愁》有更高藝術水準的詩不在少數。

那首以《鄉愁四韻》作歌詞譜成的感人至深的曲子，“給我一瓢長江水啊長江水，酒一樣的長江水，醉酒的滋味，是鄉愁的滋味，給我一瓢長江水啊長江水……”至今還在我的耳畔回響！

但無論哪一首，至今都沒有超過《鄉愁》的影響力。為什么人們最愛的還是《鄉愁》，而不是余光中的其他代表作？這首《鄉愁》淺顯易懂、瑯瑯上口，已成為一種家國情懷的典型表達方式。許多人從這首詩中，找到了屬于自己的鄉愁。可以說，余光中寫出了一代人，甚至所有中國人對兩岸統一的期盼。

余光中說，“地理的鄉愁要乘以時間的滄桑，才有深度，兩岸開放交流以來，地理的鄉愁固然可解，但文化的鄉愁依然存在……”endprint

追根溯源，這背后的一個深刻原因，是余光中所有詩文的最終指向，是我們共同擁有的中華民族強大的文化傳統，是那種讓全球華人魂牽夢繞的永恒的歸屬感和家園感。余光中的詩文總是濃縮著那么強烈的懷鄉的情感，總能打動億萬華人，勾起全球華人的文化記憶和命運共同感。

余光中的藝術追求不僅浸透了一種文化鄉愁，也為漢語融入世界開拓了廣闊的前景。

永遠的鄉愁，永遠的余光中！

Poets Ties with Hangzhou

By Guo Zikun

Yu Guangzhong， a renowned Chinese poet based in Taiwan， passed away at the age of 90 on December 14， 2017. The poet had profound ties with Hangzhou and loved the West Lake. He and his wife visited Hangzhou several times in search of the family roots. In the spring 2011， he was also engaged as a guest professor with the Media and International Culture College， Zhejiang University.

In the autumn of 2012， Yu Guangzhou and his wife visited Hangzhou and attended the 2012 West Lake International Poets Convention. Local poets and friends held a party on the Grand Canal of China， which zigzags through the city proper， in celebration of his 85th birthday. Yu recited a poem titled ， which is also one of the most famous highlights of the scenic lake.

The poets ties with Hangzhou went much farther back in time. His father-in-law Fan Lai was a professor of Zhejiang University and served as dean of the gardening department. Fan Lais daughter Fan Wocun was born in Hangzhou and didnt leave Hangzhou until she was six years old. Fan Wocun， a distant relative on Yu Guangzhongs mothers side， later married Yu Guangzhong. In 2016 they celebrated the diamond anniversary of their marriage.

Yu Guangzhong talked about his ties with Hangzhou during his visit in October 2012. “My father and I took my first travel together when I was six years old. We visited the West Lake， Hangzhou. My wife got to the North High Peak on the “West Lake when she was six years old. The beauty of the West Lake is eternal no matter whether it was before or after Su Dongpo visited it，” commented the poet. In his eye， the lake was as beautiful as he first saw it at six.

Yu Guangzhong wrote an essay about his 2011 visit to Hangzhou. During this root-seeking tour， he gave a lecture at the international conference center on the Zijin Campus of Zhejiang University. He started the lecture by saying “I had an affair with Zhejiang University as soon as I got married.” He mentioned in the essay that Zhejiang University presented him with a collection of documents about his father-in-law on that occasion.

Shu Yu， a poet in Hangzhou， found she had a tie with Yu Guangzhong. After she grew up and became a poet herself， she found that Gao Xinghua， a music teacher under whose guidance she studied in her childhood years， was a schoolmate of Yu Guangzhong at Jinling University. Yu Guangzhong mentioned in an essay that Xinghua ought to play a piece on Guqing when he would visit Hangzhou in the future. The dream came true in October 2012. Gao Xinghua played a tune on ， Shu Yu played a tune on zither， and Yu Guangzhong recited a poem by Su Dongpo in the tradition citation manner.

Shu Yu recalls Yu Guangzhong and his wifes visits to Zhejiang. in February 2012， she drove the couple to visit the 1，000-Isle Lake. On the way back to Hangzhou， they visited Tonglu， a rural county with sites of historical interests. After that she also drove the couple to visit Shaoxing. Shu Yu feels proud that she was the first reader of and ， two poems written by Yu Guangzhong about Hangzhou.

A prolific poet and essayist， Yu Guangzhong published 17 poetry collections and 12 prose collections in his lifetime. Some essays and poems are well known to millions. And some are in school textbooks on the mainland. Zhejiang Literature and Art Press has published four editions of over the past 20 plus years. The collections were respectively edited by three different editors. The first one came out in 1996 when Yu was a professor with at National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung.endprint