別有風味的田頭舞臺

張建成

金風送爽，鼓樂陣陣，舞姿翩翩，笑聲飛揚。武義縣履坦鎮后桑園村、壺山街道后舍村、桃溪鎮東壟村……土味十足、充滿樂趣的田野運動會接連舉行，來自周邊縣市的中外游客和當地市民在田頭舞臺開心運動。

精彩的活動吸引了常駐義烏的肯尼亞、約旦、阿富汗和伊拉克等國多位外商前來體驗。他們在后舍村田野運動會上開心參與田板舞草龍、水田徒手抓魚、水田抓鴨等有趣的田野狂歡活動。

武義縣后舍村慶豐收草根田野運動會至今已舉辦四屆，這次來自肯尼亞、約旦、阿富汗和伊拉克等國的多位外商得知消息后，報名組隊參加了各項比賽。比賽獎品雖是清一色的地瓜、甘蔗、蘿卜、柑橘、玉米棒等農作物，但參賽的約旦客商伊桑樂呵呵地說：我在義烏市場經商已近10年，除了與市場許多經營戶成了生意伙伴外，在周邊縣市也交了不少朋友，哪里有好玩有趣的活動我都會去趕場。今天的田野運動會就很有意思，趕場參賽主要是享受快樂，同時也學幾句當地的方言。如義烏的“沃季”（現在）、武義的“刀挨去喃希”（到我家里玩）、永康的“五更飯石過咪”（早飯吃過沒）等方言我也能說幾句，這樣到哪里都容易融入，并更有親切感。當然，參加這樣的活動主要是放松身心、享受快樂、愉悅心情，勞逸結合對身體、生活、工作都有好處。

來自江西上饒、在武義務工的方女士與丈夫帶著12歲的女兒和8歲的兒子，方女士參加在履坦鎮后桑園村舉行的水田足球賽，丈夫和一對兒女報名參加搬蘿卜玉米親子接力賽。在活動現場方女士說：“武義的慶豐收田園活動頗有趣味，我們一家人都會來趕熱鬧，既能了解這里的風土人情、文化習俗，又能使孩子開闊視野，接受傳統農耕文化知識，這對我們融入當地人生活圈子、培養孩子成長都有好處?！?img alt="" src="https://cimg.fx361.com/images/2018/02/06/whjl201802whjl20180215-2-l.jpg" style=""/>

武義縣的白姆鄉后樹白鶴殿和壺山街道陳堰殿民間斗牛慶豐收活動，改革開放后至今已舉辦了24屆。金華武義斗牛起源于兩漢（三國），興盛于北宋，距今已有1000多年歷史。自古以來，每年秋冬農閑季節，或是寺廟開光、村里有喜事，都會進行斗牛表演或比賽。金華斗牛不同于西班牙的人與牛斗，而是牛與牛斗，通常斗牛場選擇寬廣平坦、四周視線好的淺水田，參賽的黃牯牛在“拆牛手”的牽引下進場比拼，廝殺中的兩頭斗牛鼻子上都不拴繩子，兩頭牛8只蹄子在泥漿里奮力發勁，碰頭、抵角、撞身，搏殺中現場泥漿四濺，甚是壯觀，這古老而又精彩的斗牛能讓看客大飽眼福。

但金華斗牛也頗有講究，如兩頭牛搏殺中勢均力敵，斗紅了眼激怒對方后會互不相讓拼死對抗。斗牛場中對抗搏殺的斗牛，如一頭輸了落荒而逃，另一頭窮追不舍，一旦沖出護欄就會傷及觀眾。為確保參斗的牛不受傷和觀眾人身安全，每次斗牛現場都會配備多名“拆牛手”。每次斗牛開始后，“拆牛手”就聚精會神注視搏殺中的斗牛，當出現斗得難解難分、勝負相當的情景時，“拆牛手”就及時制伏蠻牛，化解險情。金華斗牛比的是兇悍和耐力，突出的是觀賞性，所以被譽為“東方文明斗?！保?007年金華斗牛被列入省級非物質文化遺產名錄。

（本文照片由作者拍攝）

Winter Sporting Events in Rural Wuyi

By Zhang Jiancheng

In Wuyi， a largely rural county in central Zhejiang Province， leisurely winter days in the last part of the year are traditionally dedicated to sports and entertainment. Villages hold sporting events. In particular， bullfighting， a tradition of over 1，000 years in the region， is the biggest for rural entertainment.

At least three villages in Wuyi held sporting carnivals in November or December last year. Houshe Village celebrated the harvest of the year in winter days. Such a sporting event is different from usual sport competitions. Villagers vie each other in catching fish and ducks in rice paddies with bare hands. And they make straw dragons and stage a straw dragon dance.

As Houshe is not far from Yiwu， home to the worlds biggest wholesale marketplace for household commodities， some foreign businesspeople from Kenya， Jordan， Afghanistan and Iraq who are working in Yiwu， participated in the carnival. Competitions are usually held in vegetable gardens， rice paddies where the autumn crop has been harvested. Winners received farm produce as trophies and awards. What was important wasnt the tangible food awarded to winners， it was fun that attracted people to come and enjoy.endprint

The village sporting event also pulled in tourists from nearby towns and cities. Fang and her husband brought their 12-year-old daughter and 8-year-old son came to Rear Mulberry Garden， a village in Lutan Town， to participate in the winter-day sporting event. The father and the children plunged into a competition in which they relayed to move tulips and corncobs. And additionally the mother played a football game in a rice paddy. The family came from Shangrao in neighboring Jiangxi Province. The parents are working in Wuyi. They wanted their children to understand the regional lifestyle better so as to grow up more smoothly.

If the annual sporting carnival at Houshe is only four years old， bullfighting in Wuyi is over 1，000 years old. The bullfight dates back to the Han Dynasty （202BC-220AD） and the Three Kingdoms （220-280AD） and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty （960-1127）. To outsiders， it is usually known as Jinhua Bullfighting， as Jinhua is the central city in the region and a number of rural counties and county-level cities are under its jurisdiction.

In Wuyi， a bullfight usually takes place in rural celebrations when a temple holds its first ever religious ceremony after completion of construction or a village holds a celebration on some important occasions. Unlike the bullfighting in Spain where a matador fights and kills a bull ceremoniously， a bullfight in Wuyi occurs between two bulls on a large broad ground of rice paddies， with nothing to block spectators near and far to view and enjoy the fight. The annual tradition was restored in the 1990s when the reform and opening up to the outside world was going in full swing. So far the annual event has taken place 24 times in Wuyi since the restoration.

To keep spectators and bulls safe is a rule of the tradition. There are a group of peacemakers in charge of separating the fighting bulls when and if necessary. When in fight， a winning bull often chases the loser relentlessly in a bid to kill the archrival. At such a conjuncture moment， peacemakers rush in to separate the bulls and hold them and prevent them from charging into cheering crowds. In most cases， no bulls get killed in a bullfight. Thats why some consider the bullfighting is civilized. Spectators come to watch a bullfight to see bulls power and stamina as well as the drama of the fight. They dont expect to see how a bull kills another. In 2007， Jinhua Bullfighting was inscribed on the provincial directive of intangible cultural heritage.endprint