七選五閱讀理解題型解題技巧

（濰坊中學(xué) 山東濰坊 261031）

七選五是近幾年高考中出現(xiàn)的新題型，有些考生碰到這類題很是頭疼，下面我們分析一下命題和文章的特點，化解難點。首先七選五的文章句子之間，段落之間的連貫性和邏輯性很強，只要認真閱讀就能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中微妙的銜接與呼應(yīng)，常見的銜接方式有：詞匯呼應(yīng)、邏輯呼應(yīng)、數(shù)字呼應(yīng)，代詞和冠詞的呼應(yīng)。這里面最常見的是詞匯的呼應(yīng)，其中最典型的是代詞的呼應(yīng)。

根據(jù)題目設(shè)置的位置和考察重點不同，可以把題目分為三類：主旨大意題，語言過渡題，語言注釋題。如果空格出現(xiàn)在段首，大部分時候是關(guān)于這一段的大意。這時要通讀整段再選擇能夠體現(xiàn)整段意思的句子;如果空格出現(xiàn)在段中，這時要根據(jù)空格前后的句子、備選選項的句子意思以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案;如果空格出現(xiàn)在段尾，通常是指事情的結(jié)尾或者是總結(jié)句。

具體方法：

1．通讀全文，對文章進行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。

2．詳讀段落，在短時間內(nèi)，找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。

3．定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)

4．通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。

5．確定排除，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。

下面我們以2018年高考真題為例具體闡述以上技巧的運用

Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ， color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones，the medium ones， and the large ones.

38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa， small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls， ceilings，and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint， the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

36. B. Whatever you’re looking for 與上文的want a room ，looking for a place 形成呼應(yīng)，屬于典型的詞匯呼應(yīng)。

37 A. 語言銜接題all of them 屬于代詞的呼應(yīng)，them 代指上文 a number of techniques.

38 D. 主旨大意題。同時起到承上啟下的作用，上一段末尾提出了the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.本段的關(guān)鍵詞是 little spots of color …

39 G in two major ways 與后面 a bigger commitment and a more powerful effect 形成呼應(yīng)，后句話是對前面的解釋。

40 F 段落的末尾 It pays to be sure … 與 the time， effort and relative expense put into it 形成呼應(yīng)。

七選五閱讀理解的文章上下文具有高度的一致性和連貫性，不管空格設(shè)置在首，中，還是尾，都能從上下文中找到線索。技巧很重要，在有限時間內(nèi)讀透文章的閱讀能力是解決這類題需要具備的最核心能力，所以在學(xué)習(xí)技巧的同時也要夯實基礎(chǔ)，提高閱讀能力，這是重中之重。