周全 史航 江明喜 張全發 黨海山



摘 要: 分析十八里長峽自然保護區紅豆杉(Taxus chinensis)群落的外貌、群落物種組成及群落結構,旨在為恢復、保護和利用這一珍稀物種提供理論依據。在采用樣方法取樣的基礎上,對湖北竹溪十八里長峽自然保護區大型紅豆杉群落從其群落外貌、 群落物種組成和群落結構等方面進行了群落特征的調查與研究。結果表明:紅豆杉與米心水清岡(Fagus engleriana)形成了一個穩定的常綠落葉闊葉混交林群落,并且在群落中紅豆杉的重要值高達43.39,占有比較明顯優勢;而從相對優勢度來看,紅豆杉占5621%,也說明紅豆杉在群落中占有重要地位;從紅豆杉種群垂直結構來看,紅豆杉為群落中優勢樹種;從紅豆杉種群徑級結構來看,紅豆杉各級木齊全,且種源充足,自然更新良好,屬穩定種群;從群落種類組成上來看,群落中古老成分的植物特別多,如紅豆杉、鵝耳櫪(Carpinus turczaninowii)、槭樹(Acer oliverianum、A.caudatum)、領春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)等均為第三紀遺留下來的植物。反映了十八里長峽自然保護區紅豆杉群落的古老性和原始性,其地勢險峻,人為破壞較少,土地肥沃,氣候適宜。這種得天獨厚的生態環境,適于紅豆杉的生長發育。
關鍵詞: 十八里長峽;紅豆杉;群落特征;徑級結構
中圖分類號:X36 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-3020(2018)01-0005-05
Study on the Community Characteristics of Taxus Chinensis
in Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve in Zhuxi, Hubei Province
Zhou Quan(1,2) Shi Hang(1,2) Jiang Mingxi(1,2) Zhang Quanfa(1,2) Dang Haishan(1,2)
(1.Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049)
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the appearance, community composition and community structure of the Taxus chinensis community in the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve, and to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration, conservation and utilization of this rare species. Based on the methodology of quadrat samplings, the characteracteristics of the community physiognomy, species composition, and community structure of Taxus thenesis were studied in the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve in Zhuxi of Hubei Province. The results are as the followings: (1) Taxus thinensis and Fagus engleriana constitute a stable evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, and the importance value of Taxus thinensis amounts to 43.39, indicating that it is a dominant species in the community. (2) The relative dominance of Taxus thinessis is 56.21%, indicating that Taxus chinensis plays an important role in the community. (3) Taxus chinensis is dominant species of the community according to the vertical structure of the community. (4) According to the Size-class distribution of Taxus chinensis, its individual occupies each age class, and the seedlings and saplings are sufficient, illuminating that its natural regeneration is normal and that the population is very stable. (5) There are a lot of ancient elements in the community of Taxus chinensis, such as Taxus chinensis, Carpinus turczaninowii, Acer oliverianum, Acer caudatum and Euptelea pleiospermum,which are relics of the Tertiary, demonstrating that the community of Taxus chinensis is ancient and primitive. Reflecting the ancient nature and primitive nature of the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve, the terrain is steep, man-made less damage,fertile land, climate is appropriate. This unique ecological environment, suitable for the growth and development of Taxus chinensis, provide the basis for the conservation and utilization.
Key words: Shibalichangxia;Taxus Chinensis;community characteristics;size-class distribution
中國紅豆杉(Taxus chinensis)屬紅豆杉科紅豆杉屬的大喬木,是中國特有珍稀樹種。自70年代以來,由于發現在紅豆杉樹皮和枝葉中抗癌物質紫杉醇的含量較高,使該物種遭到了不合理的砍伐,其賴以生長的自然環境也受到了很大程度的破壞,再加上紅豆杉自身繁殖能力低,因此該物種目前已處于易危狀態。……