?重點詞句全解析

山東 董明義

◇詞句解析

1.How much is this T-shirt?

詢問某物的價格時，常用句型“How much+be(is/are)+物品？”，意為“……多少錢？”。當物品是單數名詞或不可數名詞時，用“How much is...?”回答時用“It's+錢數.”。當物品是復數名詞時，用“How much are...? ”回答時用“They're+錢數.”。例如：

①—How much is the bag?這個提包多少錢？

—It's ten dollars.10美元。

②—How much are these apples?這些蘋果多少錢？

—They are three dollars.3美元。

【拓展】詢問某物的價格時，還可用“What's the price of+物品?”，回答也用“It's/They're+錢數.”。

2.When is your birthday?

when是疑問副詞，意為“什么時候”，用來引導特殊疑問句，即對年、月、日以及時刻進行提問。其結構為When+一般疑問句？例如：

—When is your brother's birthday?你弟弟的生日是什么時候？

—His birthday is on June 18th.他的生日是六月十八日。

【拓展】what time意為“幾點”，通常對具體的時間（如幾點幾分）進行提問。

3.At three this afternoon.

My birthday is in August.

I'm very busy on Friday.I want to meet you on Friday afternoon.

這幾句話涉及了表示時間的介詞at、in和on的用法。

表示“在幾點幾分”或“在中午”時，用介詞at；表示泛指“在上午（下午、晚上）”時，用介詞in；在“某年、某月、某個季節”用介詞in；特指“在某一天”“某一天的上午（下午、晚上）”或“在星期幾”時，用介詞on。

4.Have a good time!

Have a good time!作為祝福用語，意為“祝您過得愉快！”，用于句子中，意為“過得愉快”。例如：

We have a good time at Bill's birthday party.我們在比爾的生日聚會上過得很愉快。

5.Oh，but Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.

until的意思是“到……止”，既可用作介詞，也可用作連詞。用作介詞時，后面一般跟表示時間的名詞（短語）；用作連詞時，后面接句子。在肯定句中，主句中的謂語動詞一般是延續性的，它所表示的動作一直持續到until所表示的時間為止。在否定句中，主句中的謂語動詞一般是終止性的，表示主句謂語動詞的動作直到until所表示的時間才發生。例如：

①She will stay until Saturday.她要一直待到星期六。

②Wait here until I come back.在這兒等直到我回來。

③The child couldn't speak until he was five years old.那個孩子直到5歲才會說話。

6.—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

—Sure，I'd love to.

情態動詞can用在疑問句中，表示委婉語氣的請求、向別人征求意見等。用Could you...?時，語氣比can更委婉。肯定回答一般為Yes/Sure/Certainly，I'd love to.（是的/當然可以，我很愿意）。否定回答一般用“I'm sorry./Sorry.”表示禮貌地拒絕，也可先說I'd love/like to，表示接受對方的邀請，然后用but說明不能接受的原因并表示歉意。例如：

①—Can you help me take these books to the classroom?你能幫我把這些書拿到教室去嗎？

—Sure，I'd love to.當然可以，我愿意。

②—Can you go to the movies with me?你能和我一起去看電影嗎？

—Sorry，I can't.對不起，我不能去。

7.Bring Mr.Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.

without是介詞，意為“無；沒有”，含有否定意思。例如：

①We can't live without water or air.沒有空氣和水，我們無法生存。

②I can't do it without your help.沒有你的幫助，我就不能做這件事。

8.I look forward to hearing from you all.

look forward to是一個固定短語，意思是“盼望；期待”，to為介詞，后面可跟名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式，不可跟動詞原形。例如：

①I am looking forward to seeing you.我期盼著與你見面。

②We are looking forward to the winter holiday.我們正盼望著寒假呢。

9.I prefer music that has great lyrics.

prefer是及物動詞，意為“更喜歡；較喜歡”，相當于like...better，后面接名詞、代詞時，表示“更喜歡某人或某物”；后面接動詞-ing或不定式作賓語時，表示“特別喜歡做某事”。例如：

①Do you prefer apples or bananas? 你更喜歡蘋果還是香蕉?

②He prefers going to work by bike everyday.他更喜歡每天騎自行車去上班。

My father prefers to watching soccer matches.我父親比較喜歡看足球比賽。

【拓展】prefer...to...，意為“喜歡……而不喜歡……；喜歡……勝過……”，其中to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。

10.Even after Abing got married and had a home again，he continued to sing and play on the streets.

get married意為“結婚”，若與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要用be married。例如：

They have been married for ten years.他們已結婚十年了。

【拓展】marry作及物動詞時，意為“和……結婚”，為終止性動詞，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用；marry也可用作不及物動詞，意為“結婚”。

11.You're supposed to shake hands.

be supposed to do sth.意為“被期望或按要求做某事；應該做某事”，be有人稱、數和時態的變化。例如：

①You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你應該在一個小時前到這兒。

②Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.每個人在車里都得系上安全帶。

12.I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything.

find作“發現”講時，可用于“find+it+形容詞（作賓語補足語）+動詞不定式”結構，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。例如：

I found it important to learn English well.我發現學好英語很重要。

◇真題鏈接

1.—I love these hair clips. _______are they?—They are ten yuan.

【2018·徐州中考題】

A.How many B.How much

C.How old D.How heavy

【答案與解析】B 從答語判斷，問句所問的是“價格”，how much有“多少錢”的意思。故選擇B項。

2.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _______9:00 a.m.________the morning of June 18.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.at;in B.at;on

C.on;in D.on;on

【答案與解析】B“在幾點鐘”要用介詞at，特指“在某一天的上午”要用介詞on。故選擇B項。

3.— Hi，Lucy.______ _is your birthday?

—My birthday is on May 2nd.

【2018·昆明中考題】

A.What B.Why

C.when D.where

【答案與解析】C what意為“什么”，why意為“為什么”，when意為“什么時候”，where意為“在哪里”。從答語推斷，問句應問“你的生日是什么時候？”，故選擇C項。

4.—My friends and I are going out for a picnic tomorrow.

—_______

【2018·恩施中考題】

A.My pleasure.

B.Have a good time!

C.Help yourselves.

【答案與解析】B 第一句意為“明天我和朋友要去野餐?！盇項為“不用謝。”，B項為“祝你過得愉快!”，C項為“隨便?！备鶕Z境判斷答句是祝福的話，故選擇B項。

5.We don't know the love of our parents_______we become parents ourselves one day.

【2018·云南中考題】

A.until B.after

C.when D.since

【答案與解析】A not...until意為“直到……才”，after意為“在……后”，when意為“當……時候”，since意為“自從……”。根據句意判斷，故選擇A項。

6.—Can you go to the opening ceremony of the Sports Center with me?

—_______.I've been looking forward to it.

【2018·宜昌中考題】

A.I'm afraid B.It's a pity

C.Take it easy D.Sure，I'd love to

【答案與解析】D 問句意為“你能和我一起去參加體育中心的開幕式嗎？”，從答語的第二句推斷，應該是肯定的回答。故選擇D項。

7._______your help，I can't get good grades.

【2018·懷化中考題】

A.With B.Without C.For

【答案與解析】B 從“I can't get good grades.”可知，前句應該表達否定的意思“沒有你的幫助”。故選擇B項。

8.We all look forward to _______you again soon.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.see B.seeing C.seen

【答案與解析】B look forward to后面要接動詞-ing形式。故選擇B項。

9.Miss.Brown prefers_______at home to_______outside.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.read；walk B.reading；walk

C.reading；walking D.read；walking

【答案與解析】C prefer...to...意為“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，其中to是介詞，后面接動詞-ing形式，prefer...to...應連接兩個相同的成分。故選擇C項。

10.People are supposed _______hands when they meet for the first time in America.

A.shaking B.to shake C.shake

【2018·綏化中考題】

【答案與解析】B be supposed to后面要接動詞原形，意為“應該做”。故選擇B項。

11.We find _______impossible for us_______a foreign language well in a short time.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.one;learn B.it;to learn

C.that;to learn D.this;learning

【答案與解析】B 在“find+it+形容詞（作賓語補足語）+動詞不定式”結構中，只可用it來充當形式賓語，指代后面的動詞不定式。故選擇B項。

12.My grandparents _______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

【2017·宿遷中考題】

A.have been married B.got married

C.were married D.have got married

【答案與解析】A 從時間狀語for over 60 years可以確定，此處應用表示延續性的動詞。故選擇A項。

◇鞏固練習

根據句意，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳選項。

1.—_______is your new schoolbag?

—It's￥30.

A.How many B.How much

C.How long D.What

2.—Tom，_______do you start celebrating New Year in America?

—On December 31st.

A.when B.where

C.why D.how

3.—My parents and I will go to Qingdao for a trip tomorrow.

—Really? _______.

A.Thank you B.Have a good time

C.You are welcome D.See you

4.I sometimes help my mom with her housework_______Saturdays.

A.at B.in

C.on D.to

5.—It's too late.I have to go now.

—Oh，it's raining outside.Don't leave ________it stops.

A.since B.until

C.while D.though

6.—Can you go shopping with me now?

—_______.But I have to wash my clothes.

A.I'd love to B.I'm afraid not

C.I'm sorry，I can't D.No，thank you

7.Students shouldn't go to school___________breakfast.It's bad for their health.

A.with B.without

C.for D.by

8.—I'm looking forward to________my parents soon.What about you?

—Me too.

A.seeing B.see

C.saw D.be seeing

9.—Betty， did your son _______in the year 2010?

—Yes，he _______for about eight years.

A.married;has married

B.get married;has been married

C.get married;has got married

D.married;was married

10.Theboy_______reading______playing computer games.

A.prefers;than B.prefers;to

C.would rather;than D.would rather;to

11.Animals are our good friends.We are supposed________them.

A.to protect B.protect

C.protecting D.protected

12.They found________difficult________the work in such a short time.

A.that;finish B.it;to finish

C.it;finishing D.that;to finish