上海虹橋綜合交通樞紐，上海，中國

建筑設計：華建集團華東建筑設計研究總院等

上海虹橋綜合交通樞紐是世界上規模最大、功能最為復雜的空陸一體化交通大樞紐之一。

虹橋綜合交通樞紐規模宏大，日旅客吞吐量達110萬人次，核心區建筑綜合體東西長1km，南北寬約220m，由虹橋機場T2航站樓、磁浮虹橋站、京滬高鐵上海虹橋站及東西兩大交通換乘廣場組成。虹橋樞紐集成度非常高，它集民用航空、高速鐵路、城際鐵路、高速公路、磁浮、地鐵、地面公交、出租車等功能于一體，開創了多種交通方式之間無縫銜接的先例，實現了跨區域、大范圍人流物流的快速集散，大大提高了交通運營的整體效率，是一座世界級現代化交通樞紐。

社會可持續發展的需要

虹橋綜合交通樞紐的建設集中了各類先進的交通模式，也集中了與之相關的配套服務設施，實現了土地資源的集約化、綜合配套的集約化、城市環境資源的集約化。如果三大設施分散建設，會帶來很大的問題，不僅土地使用和動拆遷量遠大于集中建設；市政設施也需多次配套，工程量大；而且三大設施將會給環境資源帶來較大的長期影響。但1+1+1要遠遠小于3的影響。對于一個高密度城市交通建設來說，設施高度集成，不僅節地、節能效果明顯，彼此換乘量也可集中在一個交通綜合體中解決，消除了原本彼此間分散建設所帶來的市內交通量，對改善城市環境做出了貢獻，是社會可持續發展的必然需要。

國家長三角一體化發展戰略的需要

通中心、磁懸浮、京滬高鐵、西交通中心。垂直方向上，分為五大層面：12m為出發層；6m為到達換乘層；0m為到達層；-9.5m為到達換乘通道及地鐵站廳層；-16.5m層為地鐵軌道及站臺層。其中，12m、6m和-9.5m為樞紐三大重要換乘通道。

虹橋樞紐確立了樞紐“功能性即標志性”的設計宗旨，突出便捷換乘、高效中轉、公交優先的設計理念。樞紐分區明確，道路系統做到同向進出、單向循環，實現快慢分離。各設施模塊間實現水平貼臨、垂直疊合、無縫銜接，為各種換乘方式提供最大程度的便捷。

注重“以人為本人性化設計”的理念

虹橋綜合交通樞紐位于滬杭、滬寧、滬青平三條交通軸進入市區的樞紐空間節點，是聯結長三角的門戶型樞紐地區。樞紐的建成和投入使用，使長三角地區間擁有快捷、多元化的聯系途徑，從而縮短長三角經濟圈的空間距離，使地區經濟聯系更加緊密，達到“以區域交通一體化，促進區域經濟一體化”的目的，為長三角的經濟繁榮和結構優化提供有力支撐。

上海城市發展的需要

虹橋樞紐既是2010年上海世博會的重要配套項目，也是上海繼“大浦東”之后“大虹橋”發展戰略的重要引擎。地處虹橋商務核心區的虹橋樞紐猶如入水之石，激活了原本平靜的虹橋地區。隨著樞紐的建成和投入使用，帶動了上海西部的經濟發展。未來，虹橋商務區將形成以總部經濟為核心，以高端商務商貿和現代物流為重點，以會展、商業等為特色，其他配套服務業協調發展的產業格局。雖然虹橋樞紐是一個具體的項目，但由于它所處的優越而關鍵的地理位置，加之強大的樞紐交通輻射和帶動效應，它的建設和周邊開發，已經并將對上海城市空間發展結構產生深遠影響。

虹橋樞紐整體造型簡潔平和，室內則延續了交通建筑快捷、便利的性格特點，并通過多種交通模式的高度集約，實現了土地資源、綜合配套設施以及城市環境資源的集約化，實現節地的高效率。

虹橋綜合交通樞紐設計從方便旅客出行，充分考慮旅客需求出發，注重人性關懷。通過空間的精心設計使得空間本身更具可讀性，強化旅客導向；標識導向系統設計做了充分研究和論證，在各個節點以地圖、問詢、顯示屏等形式建立一套完整的信息系統，突出樞紐方向的辨識度；室內設計中，利用綠化、小品等細節處理創造溫馨的室內環境；建筑基色采用了和諧淡雅的主色調，給人以親切明快的感受，并使導向標識色彩更突出，便于視覺認知，增強旅客印象。

秉持“節能環保綠色設計”的理念

遵循“功能性即標志性”的理念

大型公共建筑創新設計回歸建筑基本出發點——強調功能、流線的合理安排。通過“水平無縫銜接，垂直上下疊合”、“三大層面、六條通道、多出入口、多車道邊”、“五條軌道交通四個方向進入樞紐”以及“線路巴士、長途巴士等大載客率的公交公具門前內側車道邊上下客”的建筑格局，巧妙地將每日110萬人次旅客在“軌、路、空”等不同交通方式之間用64種可能連接，56種換乘模式的流線進行整合設計，從而滿足旅客換乘的便捷和效率。

樞紐由東至西分別為虹橋機場西航站樓、東交

虹橋樞紐節能、生態、環保的綠色理念在設計過程中得到了充分實踐，設計師們通過多種交通模式的高度集約，實現了土地資源、綜合配套設施以及城市環境資源的集約化，最終達到節地的高效率；綠色環保建筑重點關注的自然通風、自然采光、光伏發電、空調冷水直供系統、雨水回用系統等新技術在本工程中得到廣泛的應用，大大降低建筑能耗，實現了預期節能目標；航站樓西立面基本不開窗，采用混凝土墻面及下沉式停車庫的節能設計使得綠色建筑的先進理念得以充分體現，取得了很好的節能減排效果。結構構件外露不做裝飾以作為建筑元素表達以及室內多用清水混凝土材料的設計手法既節省了建材，又創造了材料的質感美。□

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

3 剖面/Section

1-辦票大廳/Check-in hall

2-航站樓與東交通中心聯系通道/Channel between terminal and east ground transportation centre

3-東交通中心換乘中庭/Transfer atrium in east ground transportation centre 4-東交通中心/East ground transportation centre

5-磁懸浮車站/Maglev rail station

6-磁懸浮車站與高鐵站聯系通道/Channel between maglev rail station and high-speed rail station

7-磁懸浮出站夾層/Maglev rail exit mezzanine

8-東交通中心6m換乘中心/6m transfer centre of east ground transportation centre

9-無行李通道/No luggage channel

10-磁懸浮站臺層/Maglev rail platform fl oor

11-到達車道邊/Curbside platform of arrival

12-行李提取大廳/Luggage claim hall

13-軌道交通站廳層/Railway hall fl oor

14-軌道交通站臺層/Railway platform fl oor

Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub (HTH)is currently the largest air-land integral transportation hub with the most complex functions that is an engineering masterpiece completely made by China.

In a huge size and with a daily passenger throughput volume of 1.1 million, HTH is composed of No. 2 Terminal of Hongqiao Airport, Hongqiao Station of Maglev Railway, Hongqiao Station of Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Rail, and a transfer square for eastbound and westbound transport systems, and the core construction complex is 1 km long from east to west and 220 m wide from south to north. Highly integrated, HTH integrates functions including civil airline, high-speed rail, inter-city rail, high-speed way,maglev rail, sub-way, ground public transport, taxi, etc.It sets an example for the seamless connection between multiple transportation means and realises the rapid gathering and distribution of passengers and goods that crosses regions in large scales. It effectively promotes the general efficiency of transportation operation and is regarded as the one and only world-class modern transportation hub.

Demand of sustainable social development

HTH integrates not only various advanced transportation modes, but also diversif i ed supporting service facilities, which realises the intensification of land resource, supporting facilities, and urban environmental resource. Tremendous problems would be caused if the three primary transport facilities were constructed in separation: not only the volumes of land use and removal and relocation would be far larger than integrated construction, but also related infrastructures would need to be constructed repeatedly, leading up to huge engineering volume,what's more, separated construction of the three transport facilities would produce tremendous longterm influence to the environmental resource. In comparison, the influence of 1+1+1 is far less than 3. To the transportation construction of a highdensity city, high degree of integration not only can save land and energy, but also can improve the urban environment because the volume of the connection between transportation means is digested within one transportation complex, which eliminates the traffic amount within the city if constructed in separation.In this sense, it can be considered as a necessary demand of sustainable social development.

Demand of national integrated development strategy of Yangtze River Delta Region

Located at the spatial hub node, where the three transportation axes, i.e., Shanghai-Hangzhou,Shanghai-Nanjing, and Shanghai-Qingpu-Pingwang,go to the city area of Shanghai, the area of HTH is the gate hub area of Yangtze River Delta Region.The construction and using of the hub provides the Yangtze River Delta Region with convenient and diversified connection means. As a result, the spatial distance within Yangtze River Delta Region is curtailed, and the regional economic connection is tighter, so as to achieve the goal of "promoting regional economic integration with regional transportation integration," and provide powerful support to the economic prosperity and structural optimisation of Yangtze River Delta Region.

Demand of city development of Shanghai

HTH is an important supporting facility to 2010 Shanghai Expo, and also an important engine to the "Grand Hongqiao" development strategy after "Grand Pudong" of Shanghai. Hongqiao Hub,at the Hongqiao business core area, vitalises the formerly quiet Hongqiao area like a rock thrown into the water. The establishment and use of the hub drives the economic development in western Shanghai. In the future, an industrial pattern that is centred at headquarter economy, highlighted by high-end business and commerce and modern logistics, featured by exhibits and commerce, and collaborated by other supporting services, is formed in Hongqiao area. Though being one specif i c project,the construction of HTH and development of its surrounding area, due to its outstanding and vital geographic location and its remarkable radiation and driving effect as a transportation hub, has produced tremendous inf l uences on the development of urban structure of Shanghai.

Follow the idea of "with functions as its signature"

The innovative design of large-size public construction returns to the basic point of architecture:stressing the reasonable arrangement of functions and the flow line. Through an architectural structure highlighted by "seamless horizontal connection, vertical overlapping," "three primary levels, six channels,multiple entrances and exits, and multiple vehicle path sides," "entering the hub via five rails from four directions," and "passengers getting on and off the large passenger transport vehicles like line bus and longdistance bus at the inner side of the vehicle path and in front of the hub gates," the design masterly provides 64 connection possibilities for 1.1 million people time daily passengers to transfer between different transportation means including "rail, road, and airline", and integrates the flow lines for 56 transfer patterns, making it convenient and efficient for passengers' transfer.

The hub is divided into Hongqiao Airport terminal, east transportation centre, maglev rail, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, and west transportation centre from the east to the west. At the vertical direction, the hub is divided into five levels:the 12 m is the departing floor; the 6 m is the arrival transfer floor; the 0 m is the arrival floor; -9.5 m is the arrival transfer channel and the subway station floor;and the -16.5 m is the subway rail and station floor,among which the 12 m, 6 m and -9.5 m floors are the three primary transfer channels of the hub.

With "functions as its signature" as the design principle, the design of HTH highlights the convenient transfer, high-efficiency transit, and giving priority to public transport. The hub is clearly divided into different zones, and the road system is featured by same-direction in and out and unidirectional circulation, so as to realise separation between rapid and slow transportation.By the horizontal adjacent, vertical overlapping, and seamless connection of various facility modules, the design realises the maximum convenience for transfer among different transport means.

Stress the idea of "human-oriented design"

The general architectural form of HTH is plain and gentle, and the interior design, as the other transportation constructions, is characterised by convenience and high speed moving. In addition,through the high-degree integration of various transportation modes, it realises the intensified use of land resource, comprehensive supporting facilities, and urban environmental resources, so as to realise a high-efficiency land saving.

The design of HTH is oriented at passengers'convenience and gives full consideration to their demands, showing designers' humanistic concerns.By an elaborate spatial design, the architectural space itself is more readable and the guidance to passengers is highlighted; after fully studying and analyzing the design of the guiding sign system,a whole information system is established at each node in forms of map, inquiry, display screen,etc., which highlights the direction identification degree in the hub; in the interior design, details like greening and sketches are emphasised to enhance the characteristics of a pleasant interior atmosphere;and the basic architectural colour is elegant and harmonious, giving people an amiable and pleasant feeling, moreover, the colour of guiding signs is thus more outstanding for visual recognition so as to impress passengers.

Adhering to the concept of "energy-saving,environment-friendly, and green design"

The green design concept of being energysaving, ecological, and environment-friendly is fully practiced in the process of design. Through the high degree integration of various transportation modes, the designers realise an intensified use of land, comprehensive supporting facilities, and urban environment resources, which in turn achieves a high efficiency of land saving; the new technologies that green and environment-friendly architecture emphasises such as natural ventilation, natural lighting,photovoltaic power generation, supply system of cold water of air conditioning, reuse system of rain water,etc., are widely applied in the project, reducing the energy consumption of the construction to a remarkable degree and realise the expected energy saving goal; with almost no widows opened on the west fa?ade of the airport terminal, an energy-saving design composed of concrete wall and sunken garage was applied, which fully reflects the advanced green architectural design and achieves satisfying energy saving and emission reduction result. Moreover, the method of exposing the structural components without decoration and using it as an architectural expression with bare concrete applied in the interior not only save construction materials, but also create a sense of texture.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

總體協調單位/General Design Coordination: 華建集團華東建筑設計研究總院/East China Architectural Design Institute建設單位/Constructors: 上海機場（集團）有限公司，申虹公司，申虹磁浮公司，鐵道部/Shanghai Airport Authority, Shanghai Rainbow Investment Corp, Maglev Transportation Co.Ltd., Ministry of Railways

設計單位/Design Team:華建集團華東建筑設計研究總院（T2航站樓，東交通廣場，磁浮虹橋站，軌道交通東站，能源中心一、二，旅客過夜用房，航空業務管理樓），上海市隧道工程軌道交通設計研究院（軌道交通東站），鐵道第三勘察設計院集團有限公司（高鐵虹橋站，軌道交通西站），現代建筑設計集團現代建設咨詢有限公司（高鐵虹橋站），上海市政工程設計研究總院（集團）有限公司（西交通廣場）/East China Architectural Design

Institute (Hongqiao Terminal 2, East Transportation Centre,Hongqiao Maglev Station, East Railway Station, Energy Centre 1&2, Hotel, Office Building), Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Rail Transit Design and Research Institute (East Railway Station), China Railway Design Corporation (Hongqiao Railway Station, West Railway Station), Shanghai Xian Dai Architecture(Hongqiao Railway Station), Engineering & Consulting Co.,Ltd., Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group)Co. Ltd.(West Transportation Centre)

西航站樓及東交通中心項目設計團隊/Design Team of West Terminal and East East Transportation Centre: 郭建祥、高文艷、郭煒、趙偉樑、夏崴、付小飛、黎巖、紀晨、張宏波、謝曦等/GUO Jianxiang, GAO Wenyan, GUO Wei, ZHAO Weiliang, XIA Wai, FU Xiaofei, LI Yan, JI Chen,ZHANG Hongbo, XIE Xi, etal.

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 142萬m2

虹橋T2航站樓/Hongqiao Terminal 2: 36.4萬m2

東交通中心/East Transportation Centre: 30.8萬m2

磁懸浮虹橋站/Hongqiao Maglev Station: 16.6萬m2

高鐵虹橋站/Hongqiao Railway Station: 28.9萬m2

西交通中心/East Transportation Centre: 17.4萬m2

建筑高度/Building Height: 45m

建筑層數/Number of floors: 地下2層，地上8層（含商業開發層）/Two stories underground，eight stories aboveground (commercial development included)

設計施工時間/Design and Construction Period: 2005-2010攝影/Photos: 華建集團華東建筑設計研究總院/East China Architectural Design Institute

評論

王江燕：上海是中國的特大城市之一，也是長三角城市群的核心城市。經濟繁榮，對內對外交流頻繁，商務和旅游出行的人流量具大。陸空多種交通方式的便捷換乘需求，以及虹橋樞紐地區城市改造的歷史機遇被充分認識，上海規劃設計并實施了迄今世界上規模最大、功能最為復雜的空陸一體化交通大樞紐。虹橋綜合交通樞紐日旅客吞吐量達110萬人次，由虹橋機場T2航站樓、磁浮虹橋站、京滬高鐵上海虹橋站及東西兩大交通換乘廣場組成，集民用航空、高速鐵路、城際鐵路、高速公路、磁浮、地鐵、地面公交、出租車等功能于一體，開創了多種交通方式之間無縫銜接的先例，實現了跨區域、大范圍人流物流的快速集散，大大提高了交通運營的整體效率和便捷性和人性化服務，是一項由多個中國工程設計院和施工單位協力完全的工程杰作和目前獨一無二的世界級現代化交通樞紐。對社會可持續發展、長三角經濟一體化做出了巨大貢獻。虹橋樞紐建筑設計以功能為導向，簡潔大氣，線條流暢；同時，采用了多項節能環保設計，是優秀交通建筑的典范。

夏海山：從城市來看，綜合交通樞紐的集約與高效，是超大城市良好運轉的重要保證，上海虹橋在樞紐對于城市價值上做了很好的探索，是值得好好研究的。從建筑來看，虹橋樞紐作為城市大門，龐大的建筑群難有視覺的全貌印象，更多的是內部空間體驗，機場藝術長廊、地下停車場卡通標識等，能夠讓人在復雜的樞紐空間中感受到存在和移動的愉悅。從交通來看，可以說詮釋了易經中“天地交而萬物通”（航空–軌道的無縫對接）、“上下交其志同也”（人、車、物的豎向組合）的交通內涵，呈現“交融通達”的樞紐本質。

8 西航站樓出發辦票大廳的中央天窗和連橋/The central skylight and bridge in west terminal departure check-in hall

9-11 中庭/Atrium

Comments

WANG Jiangyan: Shanghai is one of the megalopolises in China, and also the core city of the Yangtze River Delta city group. With its prosperous economy and frequent domestic and international exchanges, the travel demand is huge. The need of easy transfer between a variety of surface and air transportation,and the historical opportunity of Hongqiao hub area renovation was fully aware of. Shanghai planned,designed and implemented the integrated land-air transportation hub that has the largest scale and most complex function in the world so far.

Hongqiao integrated transportation hub has a passenger flow of 1.1 million daily. It consists of Hongqiao Airport Terminal T2, Hongqiao Maglev Station,Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway Shanghai Hongqiao Station, and two transfer plazas on the east and west,and integrates functions including civil aviation, highspeed railway, intercity railway, highway, maglev, subway bus, and taxi in one. It created a precedent of seamless connection between the various modes of transportation,and achieved rapid cargo and people distribution across regions in a wide area, greatly improving the overall efficiency, convenience, and people-oriented. It's an engineering masterpiece completed together by several Chinese engineering design institute and construction companies, and a highly recognised transport hub in the world. It has made great contributions to the sustainable development of the society and the economic integration of the Yangtze River Delta.

The architectural design of Hongqiao hub is functionoriented, concise, and magnificent, with streamline appearance. Meanwhile, many energy saving and environmental protecting designs are adopted. It is a good example for excellent transportation buildings. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

XIA Haishan: From an urban planning perspective,the efficient integration of a comprehensive transit hub is an important requirement for the successful operation of megacities. Shanghai Hongqiao is a good example for the value provided by such a transportation hub to a very large city, and is therefore worthy of a thorough study. The Hongqiao hub serves as the gateway to the city. Because of its large scale, it is difficult to establish an overall visual impression of this huge building complex. However, a lot of attention has been paid to optimising the experience of the interior space. For example, the airport art gallery and the cartoon logo design for the underground parking help to make the experience of moving around in this complicated space more pleasant. Of course,good traffic connectivity is the essence of a transport communication system. The oldest of the Chinese classics, The I-Ching, states: "When heaven and earth unite in deep harmony, peace and blessing descend upon all living things". This project reflects this ancient philosophy, by integrating airport and railway terminals in the same complex. Within the complex,the transportation of passengers, vehicles and cargo are divided into separate vertical layers. It is a wellconnected transit hub which serves different needs simultaneously. (Translated by ZHANG Xin)