深圳地鐵前海灣上蓋物業綜合開發（龍海家園），深圳，中國

建筑設計：法國AREP設計集團 + 中建國際（深圳）設計顧問有限公司

地鐵前海灣車輛段上蓋物業項目是深圳市地鐵有限公司開發建設以居住為主并包含辦公、商業、酒店等大型綜合項目。項目總用地面積約為0.509km2，其中車輛段上蓋面積約0.34km2，規劃總建筑面積為142.275萬m2（不計車輛段建筑面積），平均容積率為2.8。本項目設計任務為1、2、3號地塊，總用地面積為116,733.35m2。地塊處于未來前海灣CBD區東南角，現狀用地為填海用地。

住宅單體設計

塔樓的設計，為了體現總體設計中“組”的概念，立面在設計過程中，將一組4個塔的外向4個面設計為紅色墻體比較“實”的感覺，朝向內部15m平臺的4個立面處理成白色的通透的比較“虛”的效果。這樣“組”的概念得以加強。

規劃構思

這個項目就好比一個城市，城市是由許多元素組成的。對于這個項目，實際上它囊括了許多學科的知識，例如建筑學、工程學、美學、聲學、心理學、交通、社會學等，其實更值得思考的是社會學的問題。

因此，我們將所有的功能點圍繞著一個巨大的具有中國景觀暗喻的花園：修長的山脈，梯臺式的稻田，薄薄的輕霧……花園延續著，一直延伸到城市里。將厚重的軌道交通的上蓋平臺轉變為一個自然的、起伏的、平緩的綠化梯田，給人們提供一個和諧的居住家園。

規劃布局

1、2、3號地塊：總體布局上旨在形成一種向心性，以“組”為元素，在1、2、3號地塊中，每4個塔樓形成了一個“組”，每個組都是一個獨立的構成單元，都是一個相對完整的“家庭”，因為只有家庭，才能給人一種自然溫馨的感覺。為了避免形成單一模式的純居住空間，在9m標高平臺層規劃布置了社區必需的配套服務設施，例如餐飲、商業、社區文化服務站、警務室等，方便居民的日常文化生活。另外，在15m標高層，規劃設計了兩個幼兒園。在1號地塊，規劃設計了一個24班小學。

幼兒園單體設計

幼兒園設計，作為整個項目來講，是對15m 平臺的點綴，對于其型體和體量，都必須與整體項目協調一致。另外，為了體現其點綴色彩，應當在材質和色彩上與周邊住宅有所區別，故而立面材料主要采用玻璃和木材，充分將室外綠化引入到室內，給兒童提供一個充滿綠化的宜人的學習生活空間。在布局上，為了給15m 平臺提供一個開敞通透的空間庭院，故而將幼兒園設計成為串聯式的布局形態，通過公共走廊，將各個兒童活動室和寢室串聯起來，采取走廊底層架空的處理手法，這樣，視線在15m平臺可以非常的通透。另外，建筑之間形成的內向型綠化庭院，也是對于整體設計中“組”這一思路的呼應，同時，這里也是兒童室外活動場所。□

項目信息/Credits and Data

業主/Client: 深圳市地鐵集團有限公司/Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd.

設計團隊/Design Team: étienne Tricaud, Daniel Claris, 姜興興/JIANG Xingxing, Luc Néouze, 于玉龍/YU Yulong

建筑面積/Floor Area: 704,000m2

攝影/Photos: 張學濤/ZHANG Xuetao

1 夜景/Night view

2 外景/Exterior view

3 平面/Plan

Shenzhen Metro Co., Ltd. is planning to develop the "Development of Buildings over the Qianhai Bay Metro Section", which is a large scale project integrating the main purpose of residence and other uses for office, commerce and hotel,etc. The project occupies a total land area of 50.9 hectares, including 34 hectares of area of buildings over the metro. It is planned that the building area is 142,275m2(excluding the building area over the metro), and the average plot ratio is 2.8. This project is to be constructed on the plot 1, plot 2 and plot 3,with a total land area of 116,733.5m2. The plot is at the southeast corner of the Qianhai Bay CBD, which is now used for sea filling.

Concept

This project is like a city that contains a lot of elements. As for this project, it actually involves the knowledge of many disciplines like architecture,construction, aesthetics, acoustics, psychology,traffic and sociology, among which the sociology is of most concern.

Therefore, we will integrate all those knowledge into this large scale Chinese-style garden: slender mountain, terrace rice field and thin mist, etc.,which ultimately stretches into the city. The land over the metro will be covered with a natural,undulant and ease green field, providing a sense of harmonious home of residence.

Planning

Site 1, Site 2 & Site 3: The overall layout aims to form the centrality with "group" as the element.Within the Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3, each 4 tower buildings form one "group", and each group is the independent constituent unit to become the relatively completed "family". Only the family can make people feel natural and warm. In order to avoid the formation of pure residential space with single mode, the supporting service facilities that are necessary for the community have been planned and arranged on the 9-metre elevation platform to facilitate the daily cultural life for the residents,such as the restaurants, business, community cultural services and police rooms, etc. In addition,two kindergartens have been planned on the 15-metre elevation level. Within the Site 1, one primary school with 24 classes has been planned and designed accordingly.

Residential design

The design of the tower buildings aims to reflect the concept of "group" in the overall design. During the design process for the fa?ades, the 4 exterior fa?ades of one group of 4 tower buildings have been designed as red walls with the "real" expression, while the 4 fa?ades towards the interior 15-metre platform have been designed as white and transparent walls with the "virtual" effect. Therefore, the concept of"group" shall be strengthened accordingly.

Kindergarten design

Regarding the whole project, the design of the kindergartens is the embellishment for the 15-metre platform. Its shape and volume shall be coordinated and consistent with the overall project. In addition,the material and colour applied should be different with the surrounding residences in order to reflect its decorative colour. Therefore, the materials for the fa?ade are mainly glass and wood, which can fully introduce the outdoor greening to the indoors and provide the children with green and pleasant space for studying and living. Regarding the layout,it aims to create an open and translucent courtyard space for the 15-metre platform. Therefore, the kindergartens have been designed with the seriestype layout to link all the children's activity rooms and bedrooms together through the public corridors,adopting the overhead approach of the corridor ground, which shall make the sight be transparent on the 15-metre platform. Furthermore, the interior greening courtyards formed among the buildings also echo the concept of "group" in the overall design. Meanwhile, they are also the venues for children's outdoor activities.□

4 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

5 外景/Exterior view

評論

王江燕：車輛段，軌道交通存儲和維修車輛的地塊曾是軌道交通在城市規劃和用地分配中必須有但又最不受歡迎的用地，占用一大片土地，割裂周邊用地聯系，并毫無景觀和其他功能可言。然而，由AREP + 中建國際（深圳）設計顧問有限公司聯合體設計的深圳地鐵前海灣上蓋物業綜合開發（龍海家園）則汲取國內最為前沿的綜合上蓋物業開發理念，綜合應用建筑學、工程學、美學、聲學、心理學、交通、社會學等先進的科學技術和TOD（以公交為先導的開發）綜合開發理念。在建筑特色方面，巧妙融入中國山水元素，將厚重的軌道交通的上蓋平臺轉變為一個自然的、起伏的、平緩的綠化梯田，給人們提供一個和諧的居住家園。在功能上，注重功能混合，融合了居住和為其配套的商業社區功能，并配建了幼兒園和小學，使這個上蓋物業成為景觀優美，功能完整的居住小區。夏海山：深圳前海灣地鐵上蓋項目是探索“軌道 +”、演繹“軌道交通+緊縮城市”的一個案例，嘗試軌道如何將城市生活拉得更近。城市土地集約、交通集約、功能集約，都是源于城市生活的需求。城市密度與城市活力存在一定關聯，軌道交通讓城市空間的“高密度與高活力”成為可能。雖然前海灣項目在空間環境設計上還有很多可探討的地方，但是讓我們看到，打造“高密度軌道社區”，技術上的障礙可以攻克，更多是需要理念、體制和模式的突破。

6 橫剖面/Cross section

7 外景/Exterior view

Comments

WANG Jiangyan: Train depot, the land used for storage and maintenance of metro trains, used to be the necessary but most unpopular metro-land use in urban planning and land allocation. It occupies a large plot of land, splitting the connections between surrounding lands, and has no landscape or other functions. However,the comprehensive development of Shenzhen Metro Qianhaiwan Over-track Property (Longhai home) designed by AREP + CCDI (Shenzhen) adopts the most cuttingedge developing concept of comprehensive overtrack property, and integrates advanced sciences and technologies including architecture, engineering,aesthetics, acoustics, psychology, communications and sociology, and TOD (transit-oriented development)comprehensive development concept. In terms of architectural characteristics, it ingeniously adopts Chinese landscape elements, transforming the heavy over-track platform of railway into a natural,undulating and gentle green terrace, providing a harmonious residential home for people. Functionally,emphasis has been laid on functional mixture,integrating residence and supporting business community functions, together with kindergarten and primary school, making this over-track property a beautiful and functional residential district.(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)XIA Haishan: The Shenzhen Metro Qianhaiwan Superstructure Project is a realisation of the concept of "rail plus other urban functions", combining railway traffic and minimising urban sprawl. The urban lifestyle requires using land more intensively,and timing traffic and other urban functions more accurately. There is an obvious correlation between urban density and urban vitality. Rail transportation systems facilitate high density and high vitality solutions in an urban space. The Qianhaiwan project still leaves a lot to be desired in terms of spatial environment design. Although we can overcome technical obstacles to build a high density rail-linked community, more breakthroughs in concepts, systems and models of infrastructures and urban planning are still required. (Translated by ZHANG Xin)