圣查爾斯火車站，馬賽，法國

建筑設計：法國AREP設計集團

馬賽圣查爾斯火車站位于圣查爾斯高地邊緣，高于海平面50m，150年來一直佇立在這俯瞰著這座城市。它在地形上與四周隔絕的局面因1930年建造的雅典階梯而得到緩和。然而城市北區的市政規劃并沒有涉及到它，因此最終未能與城市有真正直接的交融。2001年高鐵TGV聯通到馬賽，為了完善火車站和汽車站及城市交通網絡間的聯絡，同時為了和大學校區及周邊街區建立紐帶，此火車站的擴建和一個樞紐站的確立便成了當務之急。

一個新的側翼廳便可解決這一切問題，它的起建也引發了對四周區域及入口的重新規化改建。側翼廳沿著老站那原有三角楣一邊延續，填平覆蓋了坡度，涵蓋了原位于老車站后方的長途汽車站。建于軌道上沿的老站自此就擁有一個與它相垂直的長160m、寬40m的新大廳。其正面是預應型石墩砌建的廊柱。

這個奧挪哈側翼廳下方是停車場，同一層面的是站臺，同時還有服務點和商業點，所有這一切都是每個乘客觸手可及的。有了這側翼廳，車站和城市就有了直接的接觸。在這寬廣的玻璃大廳里和延續著石廊柱的平臺上，乘客和周邊居民不時擦肩而過。圣查爾斯車站，過去的一個鐵路要塞，今天已是馬賽生活的一大亮點，它對我們來說是親和的，實用的，又是那么令人愉悅的。□

1 外景/Exterior view

2.3 圖解/Diagrams

1

4 平面/Plan

Positioned 50 metres above sea level on the edge of fhe Saint-Charles plateau, the Marseille railway terminal has sat enthroned overlooking the city from its balcony for nearly 150 years. While its splendid isolation, somewhat relieved by the construction of the Athens stairway in 1930, was finally allayed by the urbanisation of the northern districts, the station remained unconnected to the city. The arrival of the TGV in 2001 required that it be enlarged and transformed into an exchange hub to improve its inks with the bus station and urban networks, as well as with the university and surrounding districts.

The construction of a side wing resolved all these problems and resulted in the redevelopment of the station surrounds and access points. Aligned to the station's historic pediment, the new wing picks up the slope and connects with the bus station network located to the rear. The old station seated over the railway lines is now provided with a new 160-metre-long and 40-metre wide perpendicular concourse expressed along the elevation by a colonnade of pre-stressed stone piers.

Seated on a plinth housing a 400-space car park, the Honorat concourse is on the same level as the platforms, making the trains and buses easily accessible along an esplanade lined with services and shops. The new wing stretches out and connects the station to the city. Passengers and locals crisscross one another in this large glazed volume extended by terraces shaded by the stone columns. A railway "fortress" in the past, Saint-Charles station has now become a showplace in the city, located in a setting that is accessible, useful, and agreeable to all who make use of its services.□

評論

王睦：原來的馬賽火車站前的雅典大臺階盡管提供了車站與城市的銜接，但由于雅典大臺階主要提供的是與車站南面的沿海商業區域的銜接，車站北側缺乏有實質意義的連接，因此需要新建站廳和銜接設施以解決車站南北側間的聯系。新建站廳設計要處理的核心難題是如何克服由于軌道原因形成兩側高低地坪標高差異。從豎向看，車站新建站廳借鑒了雅典衛城帕提農神廟的風格，借助雅典大臺階形成了車站與城市的連接，也塑造了類似于高地神廟的崇高意象。

馬英：“效率”與“鏈接”的意義在馬賽圣賽爾斯火車站的擴建工程中得到充分的體現。具有古典形式風格的老火車站房的主體平面布局與“盡端式”的火車軌道線路，由于線路與空間上的平行設計而降低了使用與通行的效率。新擴建的側翼大廳極大地改善了盡端式火車站房的人流組織，同時增強了商業設施的購物體驗，并提升了通過式交通站房的空間環境氛圍。具有典雅主義風格的側翼大廳不僅有效地“鏈接”了既有站房、盡端式火車站，并與公共汽車站、地下車庫及周圍城市交通網絡產生了高效率的接駁。在室外環境上既巧妙處理了既有臺地高差帶來的界面阻隔，又成為Nedelec大街的視覺對景，斷開的二層平臺使新建的站房增添了“易達性”與“人性化”的城市空間感受。

Comments

WANG Mu: Although the Athens big steps in front of the original Marseille Station provided the connection between the station and the city, a practical connection on the north of the station was lacked because the Athens steps mainly provided the connection to the seaside commercial area on the south of the station. Therefore, the creation of a new station hall and connection facilities is needed to offer a solution to connecting the north and south sides of the station. The key problem to be dealt with in the design of the new station is how to overcome the elevation difference between the high and low ground on either side due to the reason of the track. From the vertical perspective,the new station learned from Parthenon of Athens Acropolis, formed a connection between the station and the city with the Athens steps, which also created the lofty image similar to the highland temples. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

MA Ying: The significances of "efficiency" and"connection" are fully demonstrated in the expansion project of Marseille Saint-Charles Railway Station. The main body plane layout of the classical-style old railway station building and the "endpoint" railway lines reduced the using and passing efficiency due to the paralleled design of the lines and space. The newly constructed side wing hall improves the people flow organisation in the endpoint railway station building to a great extent, and at the same time enhances shopping experience in the commercial facility, and upgrades the spatial environmental atmosphere in the transportation station building for passing through. The elegant side wing hall not only effectively "connects" the existing station building and the endpoint railway station, but also forms a connection of high efficiency between the bus station, the underground garage, and the surrounding traffic network of the city. In term of its exterior environment, the design skillfully solves the interface obstruct caused by the heights differences of existing platform, and turns the building into a visionary opposite scenery to the Nedelec Avenue. What's more, the disconnected second-floor platform adds an urban space sense of "easy access" and "human-oriented" to the newly constructed station building.

5 外景/Exterior view

6 剖面/Section

7 內景/Interior views

項目信息/Credits and Data

業主/Client: SNCF G&C（服務處，廣場，停車場），市政單位/馬賽城市共同體（隧道和城市網），省議會/羅訥河口省議會（公交站臺）/SNCF G&C (concourses and services, esplanade, car park), Urban community (tunnel and urban networks),Conseil GénéraI 13/ Bouches-du-Rh?ne area local council (bus platform)

建筑面積/Building Area: 31,000m2

交付時間/Delivery: 2007.12

攝影/Photos: AREP

8 內景/Interior views