打好扶貧攻堅戰等

改革開放30多年來，中國經濟社會發展取得很大成就，人民生活水平總體上發生很大變化，幾億貧困人口脫貧，完成這期間全世界超過70%的減貧任務。但由于中國還處在社會主義初級階段，由于國家大、各地發展條件不同，中國還有為數不少的困難群眾，扶貧開發依然任重道遠。按照農民年人均純收入2300元的扶貧標準，到2015年底，中國農村貧困人口還有5575萬人。可見，中國扶貧的工作已經進入“啃硬骨頭”階段。這種背景下，從2014年開始，中國將每年10月17日設立為“扶貧日”。中國將加大投入力度，動員社會各方面力量共同向貧困宣戰，深入推進扶貧開發，繼續打好扶貧攻堅戰，幫助困難群眾早日脫貧致富，穩定實現扶貧對象不愁吃、不愁穿，保障其義務教育、基本醫療、住房，努力推動貧困地區經濟社會加快發展。

Alleviating Poverty

Since China introduced the policy of reform and opening up in the late 1970s， great economic and social progress has been made， leading to significant improvement in the overall standards of living. As a result， several hundred million people have been lifted out of poverty， accounting for more than 70 percent of poverty reduction worldwide during the period. Much remains to be done， however， to eliminate still substantial pockets of poverty， given the fact that China， a country with a large population， is still in the primary stage of socialism， and its diverse regions show varying levels of development.

At the end of 2015， some 55.75 million of Chinas rural residents still lived below the national poverty line， with an annual net income of less than RMB 2，300 per capita. Chinas poverty alleviation initiatives are now facing some of their most daunting challenges. Against such a backdrop， in 2014 China launched its first National Poverty Alleviation Day， which is now marked on October 17 each year. China will allocate greater resources to poverty relief and mobilize all sectors of society to join the fight against poverty. Development efforts aimed specifically at reducing poverty will be increased to put an early end to poverty. Effective measures will be implemented to steadily improve access to adequate food and daily necessities， compulsory education， basic medical services and housing.

精準扶貧、精準脫貧

2014年12月11日閉幕的中國中央經濟工作會議，首次在中央工作層面明確提出了精準脫貧的概念；2015年6月18日，習近平在貴州調研時強調，扶貧開發“貴在精準，重在精準，成敗之舉在于精準”，“精準扶貧”隨后成為社會各界熱議的關鍵詞。2015年11月3日發布的“十三五規劃建議”中，進一步作出“實施精準扶貧、精準脫貧”的工作部署。精準脫貧，就是要防止用經濟收入的平均數掩蓋大多數，更加注重保障基本民生，更加關注低收入群眾生活。精準扶貧，則是要做到對貧困人口進行精確識別、精確幫扶，對扶貧工作做到精確管理。中央明確提出精準扶貧、精準脫貧，是因為中國的扶貧開發工作已進入“啃硬骨頭、攻堅拔寨”的沖刺期。為了真正實現“精準”目標，習近平提出了“扶貧對象精準、措施到戶精準、項目安排精準、資金使用精準、因村派人精準、脫貧成效精準”的具體要求。

Targeted Poverty-alleviation Approach

At the close of the Central Economic Work Meeting on December 11， 2014， central leadership floated the idea of a targeted approach to alleviating poverty. On June 18， 2015， during a visit to Guizhou Province， Chinese President Xi Jinping once again brought up the subject， declaring that it would determine the success of the poverty alleviation drive. It has subsequently become a hot topic with the general public. In its Proposal for Formulating the 13th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development released in November 2015， the 18th CPC Central Committee specified targeted measures for the coming five years. Targeted efforts are designed to ensure that average income statistics do not eclipse the true living conditions of many in hardship. Such efforts require attention to detail. Greater emphasis will be placed on identifying low-income groups in need of assistance， so that they receive proper attention and their basic standard of living is guaranteed. Central leadership proposed such a targeted approach as China faces the daunting challenge of eliminating the final pockets of poverty across the country. To ensure that poverty reduction efforts are optimally effective， Xi Jinping called for policies and programs of assistance to be tailored to the needs of individual families in conjunction with targeted funding and village-specific expert support， and to be pursued with results-oriented focus.