董肖龍 胡小榮 陳曉宇
摘要:
基于擾動狀態概念,采用非線性彈性本構模型來表征原狀黏性土的相對完整狀態,將三剪統一強度準則與修正劍橋模型相結合來表征原狀黏性土的完全調整狀態,提出了飽和原狀黏性土結構性本構模型。通過坐標平移法確定的破壞應力比使所提出模型能夠反映全應力狀態變化下的強度區間效應和拉壓差,也能夠描述黏聚力在土體受力過程中的作用。為驗證所提出模型的正確性,以江西原狀飽和紅黏土為試驗土樣,做了排水和不排水條件下的常規三軸壓縮試驗,將模型計算結果與試驗結果進行對比,結果表明,所提模型能夠較好地反映江西原狀飽和紅黏土的力學和變形特性。
關鍵詞:原狀飽和黏性土;擾動狀態;強度準則;修正劍橋模型
中圖分類號:TU432
文獻標志碼:A文章編號:16744764(2018)03008608
Abstract:
The tripleshear unified structured constitutive model is proposed for the undisturbed saturated clay in normal consolidation based on the disturbed state concept, in which the relative intact state is characterized by the nonlinear elastic model, and the fully adjusted state is characterized by the elastoplastic model built with the combination of the tripleshear unified failure criterion and the modified Camclay model in the critical state soil mechanics. The coordinate translation is presented to describe the influences of the cohesion on the soil mechanical properties better. The proposed model can overcome the shortcomings of the modified camclay model with the definite failure stress ratio without considering the soil cohesion, which can't reflect the practical differences of strength properties under different stress states and soil cohesion. The advantage is that the new model could show the practical effects under the different stress states acting on the saturated structured clay with different cohesion better. It is shown that it can describe the effects of intermediate principal stress, rang changes of stress and difference between tension and compression. In order to verify the model proposed here, comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental results under conventional triaxial compression to the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay was made ,which results show that the proposed model could reflect the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay well.
Keywords:
undisturbed saturated clay; disturbed state; unified failure criterion; modified Camclay model
針對結構性對原狀土力學和變形特性的重要影響,許多研究者采用不同方法提出了各具特色的本構模型[18]。其中,基于擾動狀態概念研究方法以其原理簡單、土性參數易于獲得等優點受到研究者的青睞[48],而該方法的關鍵在于如何表征土的完全調整狀態[3]。通常,土體完全調整狀態采用重塑土的本構模型來表征,如修正劍橋模型等[4,6,8]。但是,修正劍橋模型中的土體破壞應力比為定值,不能反映全應力狀態和黏聚力對土體應力應變的影響。針對上述問題,本文將三剪統一強度準則[910]與修正劍橋模型相結合,建立一個新模型以表征結構性土體的完全調整狀態。其中,黏聚力對土體受力過程的影響通過坐標平移法來實現。在此基礎上,本文根據擾動狀態理論,以非線性彈性模型來表征土體的相對完整狀態,以新模型來表征土體的完全調整狀態,提出飽和黏性土的結構性本構模型。該模型可以描述全應力狀態變化下的強度區間效應和拉壓差[11],也可以反映黏聚力在受力過程中對土體力學和變形特性的影響。為驗證所提出模型的正確性,用江西原狀飽和紅黏土為試驗用土,做了排水和不排水條件下的常規三軸壓縮試驗,將模型計算結果與試驗結果進行了對比,驗證了模型的正確性。
2.2土的相對完整狀態
相對完整狀態下結構性黏土沒有被擾動,根據擾動理論概念,相對完整狀態可以取彈性、塑性或彈塑性模型來描述,甚至可以把土看作剛體[34]。考慮參數獲取的簡便,選取彈性模型來描述土樣的相對完整狀態,土體彈性增量矩陣的關系式為
3原狀飽和黏性土結構性本構模型的
試驗驗證
3.1土性參數的測定
取用江西原狀飽和土為試驗土樣,通過室內基本土工試驗獲得土粒比重Gs、初始孔隙比e0等土性參數通過等向固結試驗獲取原狀土的壓縮指數λi和回彈指數κi,重塑土的壓縮指數λc和回彈指數κc。通過排水和不排水條件下常規三軸壓縮試驗獲取原狀土的Av、Zv、Ad和Zd,獲取重塑土的有效黏聚力c′、內摩擦角φ′、泊松比μ。所得土性參數如表1所示。
3.2常規三軸試驗驗證
為了驗證模型的正確性,將本文所提出模型的計算結果與江西飽和原狀紅黏土在排水和不排水條件下的常規三軸壓縮試驗結果以及等量代換法[12]計算結果進行了比較。
3.2.1排水條件下排水條件下常規三軸壓縮試驗結果與數值模擬結果對比如圖6、圖7所示。
由圖7可知,加載初期土的體應變隨軸應變的增加逐漸增大,但是,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小并最終趨近于0,圍壓越大體應變也越大;坐標平移法的結果更接近試驗結果。
3.2.2不排水條件下不排水條件下常規三軸壓縮試驗結果與數值模擬結果對比如圖8、圖9所示。
由圖8可知,土的剪應力隨著軸向應變的增加逐漸增大,但是,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小,圍壓越大剪應力也越大;坐標平移法的結果與試驗和等量代換法結果具有一致性。
由圖9可知,土的偏應力隨著剪應變的增加逐漸增大,并且,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小;坐標平移法的結果與試驗和等量代換法結果具有一致性。
4結論
1)基于擾動狀態概念,以正常固結飽和黏性土體為研究對象,采用非線性彈性本構模型表征土的相對完整狀態,將三剪統一強度準則與修正劍橋模型相結合用于表征土的完全調整狀態,建立飽和黏性土結構性本構模型。
2)通過坐標平移法得到土的破壞應力比,使所提模型能夠反映黏聚力對土體力學和變形特性的影響,同時,也能夠描述全應力狀態變化下的應力區間效應和拉壓差。
3)對江西原狀飽和紅黏土作了排水和不排水條件下的常規三軸壓縮試驗,對比了模型計算結果與試驗結果和已有研究資料,證明了飽和黏性土結構性本構模型在描述江西原狀飽和紅黏土力學和變形特性時的正確性。
4)坐標平移法在描述土的變形和孔隙水壓力方面與等量代換法相比各有優勢,但是二者計算結果很接近。
參考文獻:
[1] 王常明,匡少華,王鋼城,等.結構性土固結不排水剪特性的一種描述方法[J].巖土力學, 2010, 31(7): 20352039.
WANG C M,KUANG S H,WANG G C, et al. A method for describing consolidatedundrained shear behavior of structured soil [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(7): 20352039.(in Chinese)
[2] 于亞磊.上海第④層粘土在不同應力路徑下的力學特性實驗與統一本構模擬[D].上海:上海交通大學, 2015.
YU Y L.Mechanical properties and constitutivemodeling of Shanghai 4th clay under different stress path [D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[3] DESAI C S. Mechanics of materials and interfaces: The disturbed state concept [M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, LLC, 2001.
[4] CARTER J P, LIU M D. Review of the structured cam clay model [J]. Evaluation, Selection and Calibration,2005,128:99132.
[5] 邵帥,褚峰,邵生俊. Q3結構性黃土的擾動狀態本構模型試驗研究[J].巖石力學與工程學報, 2016, 35(7): 14941500.
SHAO S, CHU F, SHAO S J. Experimental study on constitutive model of structural Q3 loess based on disturbed state concept [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(7): 14941500. (in Chinese)
[6] LIU M D, CARTER J P. A structured cam clay model [J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(6): 13131332.
[7] DESAI C S. Constitutive modeling of materials and contacts using the disturbed state concept. Part 1Background and analysis [J]. Computer and Structures, 2015, 146:214233.
[8] DESAI C S. Constitutive modeling of materials and contacts using the disturbed state concept. Part 2Validations at specimen and boundary value problem levels [J]. Computer and Structures, 2015, 146:234251.
[9] 胡小榮,俞茂宏.巖土類介質強度準則新探[J].巖石力學與工程學報, 2004,23(18): 30373047.
HU X R, YU M H. New research on failure criterion for geomaterial [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004,23(18):30373047. (in Chinese)
[10] 胡小榮, 俞茂宏. 材料三剪屈服準則研究[J]. 工程力學, 2006,23 (4): 611.
HU X R, YU M H. Research on tripleshear yield criterion for materials [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 23(4): 611. (in Chinese)
[11] WOOD D M. Soil behavior and critical state soil mechanics [M].Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[12] 陳曉宇.飽和黏性土三剪統一結構性本構模型研究[D].南昌:南昌大學, 2017.
CHEN X Y. The tripleshear unified structured constitutive model for saturated clay based on the disturbed state concept [D]. Nanchang:Nanchang University, 2017. (in Chinese)
(編輯王秀玲)