楊曉冬 劉紅博 劉祥彬 金朝暉



摘 要:重型數控立式車床的底座是保證機床穩定性和精度的核心部件之一。針對機床轉速提高引起的底座熱集中問題,為探明機床轉速提高對底座熱場和散熱的影響,依據傳熱學和流固耦合力學建立了重型立式車床底座的對流換熱數學模型和流固耦合熱場模型。通過對重型數控立式車床的底座熱場模型進行數值模擬,揭示了機床底座的熱傳遞規律,探明了轉速對底座熱場和換熱強度的作用。流固耦合數值模擬結果與數學模型結果對比結果表明兩者基本吻合,為重型數控車床底座的設計和分析提供了有價值的理論依據。
關鍵詞:
重型立式車床;熱場;流固耦合;對流換熱
DOI:10.15938/j.jhust.2018.03.023
中圖分類號: TH133.36
文獻標志碼: A
文章編號: 1007-2683(2018)03-0133-06
Natural Convection and Thermal Field Numerical
Simulation of Heavy-Duty Vertical Lathe Base
YANG Xiao-dong1, LIU Hong-bo1, LIU Xiang-bin2, JIN Zhao-hui3
(1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
2.Repack Flight Personnel for Bomber and Carrier, 93199 Troops of the PLA, Harbin 150000, China;
3.CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock CO., LTD. Qiqihar 161000, China)
Abstract:The base of heavy-duty CNC vertical lathe is one of the core components to ensure stability and precision of the lathe. Aiming to the issue of heat concentration internal structure of lathe-base, to verify the influence that velocity increasing impacts on heat generate and heat dissipation, convection mathematical model and FSI (fluid-solid-interaction) heat transfer model of the base of heavy vertical lathe was established according to heat transfer theory and fluid-solid-interaction theory. The results of numerical simulation of heat transfer model of the base reveal the heat transfer regularity and the influence of velocity that impacts on thermal field, heat dissipation intensity of the base. Comparison result between FSI numerical simulation results and mathematical model results show that they are basically consistent. It provides a valuable theoretical basis for heavy-duty CNC vertical lathe design and analysis.
Keywords:heavy-duty vertical lathe; thermal field; fluid-solid-interaction; convection heat transfer
0 引 言
重型立式車床主要服務于水電核電、航空航天、艦船制造和國防工業等國家重點行業,是重型制造行業的主要加工設備,尤其對于大半徑旋轉曲面類零件的加工,有著獨特的優勢。20世紀30年代德國Salomon博士提出了高速切削理念,其意義不僅在于提高生產效率,工藝性、能耗和表面粗糙度都會改善,高速切削技術逐步成為切削加工的主流技術是大勢所趨[1]。提高立式車床轉速的過程中出現了一些問題,車床轉速提高會使靜壓軸承發熱加劇,造成熱集中,引起車床的熱變形,導致機床精度降低,嚴重時甚至使軸承的實際結構偏離理論設計模型。因此如何在保證機床本身的精度和穩定性的前提下提高轉速,成為了目前亟需解決的關鍵問題之一,而掌握重型立式車床的發熱與散熱規律則是解決問題的前提[2-3]。……