見證中國人民不屈的抗戰(zhàn)精神聚焦重慶建川博物館聚落群（上）

□ 文 圖/本刊記者 唐安冰

□ Article＆Photo/ Journalist Tang Anbing Translator/Chen Xiushi

重慶建川博物館位于九龍坡區(qū)鵝公巖公園內(nèi)，是利用抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期兵工生產(chǎn)洞洞體作為館址設(shè)立的博物館聚落群，由兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館、抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館、兵器發(fā)展史博物館、票證生活博物館、中醫(yī)藥文化博物館、重慶故事博物館、中國囍文化博物館和民間祈福文化博物館等8個主題博物館構(gòu)成。展陳包括60件國家一級文物在內(nèi)的各類文物藏品上萬件，主要包括抗戰(zhàn)、兵工、民俗、紅色年代等近現(xiàn)代史料、物品。

“為了和平，收藏戰(zhàn)爭；為了未來，收藏教訓(xùn)……”重慶建川博物館游客中心墻上，博物館館長樊建川的《館主自白》引人注目。博物館通過文物、版面、場景復(fù)原、多媒體展示等形式，真實(shí)反映第一兵工廠的歷史風(fēng)貌和中國民族兵工產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的艱難歷程，揭示中華民族不屈的抗日精神，警示中華民族以史為鑒，努力開創(chuàng)和平友好的未來。

本期請跟隨攝影記者鏡頭走進(jìn)兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館、抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館、兵器發(fā)展史博物館3個場館一探究竟。

兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館

抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，搬遷、歸并到重慶的兵工廠有14家之多，第一兵工廠便是其中一家。其歷史可以追溯到清末時(shí)期，前身為張之洞主持修建的漢陽兵工廠。兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館所在地，即為第一兵工廠在抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期搬遷到重慶后的舊址。

第一兵工廠的生產(chǎn)洞，被譽(yù)為“世界第一地下兵工遺址”。在兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館內(nèi)，400余幅珍貴的歷史照片、逼真的場景復(fù)原、精美的國畫等，生動地反映出第一兵工廠員工躲避日軍空襲、在生產(chǎn)洞內(nèi)生產(chǎn)兵器的感人場景。

抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館

抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館中，寫有“國難臨頭 共起奮斗”的搪瓷盆、繡有“抗戰(zhàn)勝利 革命成功”的刺繡荷包、刻有“抗戰(zhàn)必勝 建國必成”的眼鏡盒……一件件珍貴文物反映了中華兒女的不屈意志。博物館珍藏的數(shù)十件國家一級文物，幾乎全部展示在抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館中。

步入這個博物館，會被墻上數(shù)百枚整齊分布的老兵手印震撼。“他們的手曾經(jīng)握得起命運(yùn)，如今卻無法握住時(shí)光。”樊建川介紹，建川博物館從2005年開始征集抗戰(zhàn)老兵的手印，至今已收集到6000余枚，選取部分手印在抗戰(zhàn)老兵手印墻上展示，是為了警示后代，以史為鑒。

兵器發(fā)展史博物館

通過種類繁多的兵器文物、圖片還原了兵器從粗糙、笨重、功能單一向精致、迅捷、功能強(qiáng)大轉(zhuǎn)變的歷史全貌，全方位地展示了人類文明與科技及世界軍事的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。

建川博物館建在立交橋下的一片防空洞內(nèi)。

Located in the Egongyan Park in Jiulongpo District, the Chongqing Jianchuan Museum is a museum cluster using the caves for production of ordnance during the Anti-Japanese War as the site of the museum. It is consisted of 8 themed museums including Museum of First Arsenal Site of the Bureau of Ordnance, Museum of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Relics, Museum of History of Weapons Development, Museum of Life with Tickets and Coupons, Museum of TCM Culture,Museum of Chongqing Stories, Museum of China’s Xi (Double Happiness) Culture, and Museum of Folk Praying Culture. It is the home to tens of thousands of cultural relics including 60 firstclass state-level cultural relics, mainly covering contemporary historical materials and objects of the anti-Japanese war, military work, folk custom,and red era.

“For peace, we collect wars; for the future,we collect lessons...” On the wall of the Visitors Center of the Chongqing Jianchuan Museum,the Confession of the Director, written by Fan Jianchuan, the director of the museum, attracts people’s attention. Through the use of cultural relics, layouts, scene restoration, and multimedia displays, the museum truly reflects the historic landscape of the first ordnance factory and the difficult development of the Chinese national military industry, reveals the Chinese national unyielding anti-Japanese spirit, sounds the alarm to the Chinese nation of taking history as a mirror and strives to create the future with peace and friendliness.

In this issue, please follow the cameramen,and take a glimpse through the lens into three museums, namely, the Museum of First Arsenal Site of the Bureau of Ordnance, the Museum of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Relics, and the Museum of History of Weapons Development

① 建川博物館室外兵器陳列品。

② 建川博物館室外兵器陳列品。

兵工署第一工廠舊址博物館外景。

介紹兵工署第一工廠內(nèi)遷歷史。

The Museum of First Arsenal Site of the Bureau of Ordnance

During the War of Resistance Against Japan,there were 14 arsenals relocated or incorporated into Chongqing. The First Arsenal was one of them.It can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty,which was formerly known as the Hanyang Arsenal, built and designed by Zhang Zhidong.The Museum of First Arsenal Site of the Bureau of Ordnance is just located on the site of the First Arsenal after its relocation to Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War.

The production caves of the first arsenal is known as “the world’s No.1 underground arsenal site”. More than 400 precious historical photographs, realistic scene restorations, and exquisite Chinese paintings in the Museum of the First Arsenal Site of the Bureau of Ordnance vividly reflect the touching scenes of the first arsenal’s employees evading from Japanese air raids and producing weapons inside the production caves. .

① 雕塑再現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)場景。

② 兵工署第一工廠發(fā)展歷史。

③ 觀眾駐足參觀。

抗戰(zhàn)文物博物館手印墻。

The Museum of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Relics

In the Museum of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Relics, there are enamel pots written with “Common Struggle for National Disasters”, embroidered pouches stitched with “Victory of the Anti-Japanese War Victory and Success of Revolution” and spectacle cases engraved with “The War of Resistance Against the Victory Will Come to Success and the Country Will Finally Be Founded”. Each piece of precious cultural relics reflects the indomitable will of the Chinese people. Dozens of first-class statelevel cultural relics collected by the museum are almost all displayed in the Museum of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Relics.

Stepping into this museum, one will be overwhelmed by hundreds of veterans’handprints nicely arranged on the wall.“Their hands were able to hold the fate,but now they can’t hold the time.” Fan Jianchuan introduced that the Jianchuan Museum has begun collecting handprints of veterans of the war since 2005. More than 6,000 pieces have been collected so far, and some handprints have been printed on the walls in order to alert the future generations that they should take history as a mirror.

④ 記錄重慶抗戰(zhàn)史。

⑤ 再現(xiàn)《新華日報(bào)》宣傳抗日。

⑥ 不忘歷史。

⑦ 兵器發(fā)展史博物館。

⑧ 不同時(shí)期的兵器。

⑨ 兵器發(fā)展展示。

The Museum of History of Weapons Development

Through a variety of cultural relics of weapons as well as pictures,we have restored the historical picture of rough, bulky, singlepurpose weapons transforming into the exquisite, rapid, and powerful ones, demonstrating in an allround way the development of human civilization and science and technology as well as the world’s military.

⑩當(dāng)代兵器。

[11]當(dāng)代兵器。