?話說關系代詞that, which, who(m)

江蘇 李建高

■要點清單

定語從句在復合句里起定語作用，修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常由關系代詞that,which,who(m)或關系副詞where,when,why等引導。關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中一定要充當某種句子成分。

現結合初中英語現行教材和近幾年全國各地英語中考試題,將關系代詞that,which,who(m)的用法小結如下：

一、先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞時,關系代詞用who,that或whom。例如：

He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一位信守承諾的人。

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我想找到一位能讓我與其談論書籍和音樂的人。

二、先行詞是指物的名詞或代詞時,關系代詞用that或which。例如：

I like the books which/that were written by Zhu Ziqing.我喜歡朱自清寫的書。

The desks that/which we made last year were very good.我們去年制作的桌子很好。

【特別提醒】

1.關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,常可省略。例如：

The man(whom)you saw just now is our headmaster.你剛才看到的那個男人是我們的校長。

Is there anything (that)I can do for you,Miss Green?格林小姐,有什么是我可以為你做的嗎？

2.關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,有時可以省略。但當介詞位于關系代詞之前時,關系代詞則不能省略,并且只能用which或whom。例如：

This is the girl(that/whom)he worked with.=This is the girl with whom he worked.這是和他一起工作過的那個女孩。

Here's the house (that/which)Lu Xun once lived in.=Here's the house in which Lu Xun once lived.這是魯迅曾經住過的房子。

3.關系代詞只能用that的情況：

①當先行詞是all,anything,something,nothing,everything,none等不定代詞時。例如：

That's all that I could do at that time.我當時只能做那么多了。

②當先行詞既有人又有物時。例如：

Maria took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.瑪麗亞把她感興趣的人和物都拍了下來。

③當先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數詞以及the last,the only等修飾時。例如：

This is the best TV set that was made in China.這是中國制造的最好的電視機。

When we talk about Hangzhou,the first thing that comes into our mind is the West Lake.當我們談起杭州時,我們首先想到的是西湖。

He is the last man that I want to see.他是我最不愿意見到的人。

■真題回放

1.Sara is the girl______has taught me how to use WeChat(微信). 【2017·安順中考題】

A.whom B.which C.what D.who

【答案與解析】D 句意：薩拉是教過我如何使用微信的那個女孩。先行詞the girl是人,且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,故關系代詞選用who。

2.She often parks her car near the house______she can easily get to. 【2017·蘭州中考題】

A.where B.who C.which D.what

【答案與解析】C 句意：她經常把她的小汽車停在她容易到的這棟房子附近。先行詞house是物,且關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語,故關系代詞選用which。

3.—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.

—He is a great astronaut of______all the Chinese are proud. 【2017·鄂州中考題】

A.that B.whose C.who D.whom

【答案與解析】D句意：——請告訴我一些關于楊利偉的事。——他是一位偉大的宇航員,所有中國人都以他為驕傲。先行詞astronaut是人,且關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故關系代詞只能選用whom。

4.I hate the dogs______live in the next house.They make loud noise all night. 【2017·河南中考題】

A.who B.that C.what D.whom

【答案與解析】B 句意：我討厭住在隔壁的那些狗。它們整晚都吵個不停。先行詞dogs是物,且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,故關系代詞選用that。

5.Shiyan is one of the best places______people would like to visit. 【2016·十堰中考題】

A.that B.which C.where D.who

【答案與解析】A 根據句意“十堰是人們想去參觀的最好的地方之一”可知,橫線后的句子應該是定語從句,修飾先行詞places。當先行詞被形容詞的最高級所修飾,且關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,關系代詞只能選用that。

■學以致用

根據句意,用適當的關系代詞that,which或who(m)完成句子。

1.Have you read the news______is about the latest movie?

2.—Who is your new deskmate,John?

—The boy______is wearing a white T-shirt.

3.—What are you looking for?

—I'm looking for the CD______you sent to me yesterday.

4.He______does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

5.The person______influences me most in my life is my English teacher.

6.His computer is not the only thing______he has lost.

7.He has written a book,the name of______I've completely forgotten.

8.The old man______we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

9.The first thing______should be done is to finish your homework.

10.When she came back from abroad,Lucy told us about the cities and the people______she had visited.

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