To freshmen：hope and responsibility

精彩導讀

在興奮中期待，在目標中奮斗，新的學期我們更要想到我們肩上擔當的夢想與責任。2009年9月8日，奧巴馬在阿靈頓一所高級中學，面向全美，從幼兒園到12年級的學生發表電視開學演講，以他和第一夫人——米歇爾·奧巴馬等人的求學經歷為例，鼓勵學生不畏逆境、發奮學習，現在讓我們一起在刪減后的選文中來感受一下吧。

體裁 演說詞 文章詞數 7 8 8 難度指數 ★★★閱讀立意 演講中話題框架的展開；事例對于主題觀點的支撐作用；通過排比等手法在演講過程中與受眾進行情感交流 建議用時 1 4′

And even when you're struggling， even when you're discouraged， and you feel like other people have given up on you，don't ever give up on yourself， because when you give up on yourself， you give up on your country.

—Barack Obama

即使當你苦苦掙扎、灰心喪氣、感到其他人對你放棄時，也不要放棄自己，因為當你放棄自己時，你也拋棄了自己的國家。

——巴拉克·奧巴馬

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.

I've given a lot of speeches about education.And I've talked about responsibility a lot.

I've talked about teachers'responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.

I've talked about your parents'responsibility for making sure you stay on track,and you get your homework done and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.

I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards，and supporting teachers and principals，and turning around schools that aren't working where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve.

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America①depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can②meet our greatest challenges in the future.

You'll need the knowledge and③problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS，and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll④need the insights洞悉and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness，crime and discrimination，and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity聰明才智you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost使增長our economy.

My father left my family when I was two years old，and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school，and I did some things I'm not proud of，and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily⑤taken a turn for the worse.

But I was...I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances， and I⑥had the opportunity to go to college and law school and⑦follow my dreams.My wife， our First Lady Michelle Obama，she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college，and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard，and she worked hard，so that she could go to the best schools in this country.

You make your own future.That's what young people like you are doing every day，all across America.Young people like Jazmin Perez， from Roma， Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard，⑧earned good grades， and⑨got a scholarship to Brown University—⑩is now in graduate school， studying public health，on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.

I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz， from Los Altos，California，who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He'shadtoendureallsortsof treatments and surgeries外科手術，one of which affected his memory，so it took him much longer—hundreds of extra hours—to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.

And then there's Shantell Steve，from my hometown of Chicago， Illinois.Even when bouncing彈跳from foster養父母home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city， she managed to get a job at a local health care center，start a program to11○keep young people out of gangs幫派， and she's on track to graduate highschool with honors and go on to college.

And Jazmin， Andoni， and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases,they've got it a lot12○worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to13○take responsibility for their lives， for their edu-

閱讀掃障

Ⅰ.熟詞生義cation，and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.

That's why today I'm14○calling on each of you to15○set your own goals for your education,and16○do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework，paying attention in class，or spending some time each day reading a book.

立意呈現

根據文章內容，填詞成篇，每空一詞。

In this 1._______，The former President Obama talked about the 2.______the teachers， parents， the 3.______and students should have.Students also should think about what they will 4.______to learn in school，which determines whether they can meet the greatest 5.______in the future.Many 6.______are offered in the speech to inspire students to take 7.______for their lives， for their 8.______， and set 9.______for themselves.Of course，President Obama and his wife's 10.______are also mentioned.

點石成金：整個演講信息順序得當，脈絡清晰流暢，演講口語化以及奧巴馬總統用詞親民的特點，都有助于同學們的理解。閱讀演講的文章，可以分析文章話題框架：話題引入（責任）——話題展開（全面學習，迎接挑戰）——話題具體論證（呈現事例）——話題結尾。事例的概括要簡潔扼要，突出重點。請多關注例子的關聯性、共同性。希望同學們通過閱讀此篇演講，可以感悟演講語言風格、話題的開展、事例概括以及事例證明演講觀點的方法。

文中詞條 基本含義 引申含義 生義例句T h i s d e v e l o p m e n t c o u l d p u s h t h e c o u n t r y i n t o r e c e s s i o n.這種發展趨勢可能會使國家陷入蕭條。t r a c k（P a r a.4） （人踩出的）小道；小徑 b e o n t r a c k步入正軌 C u r t i s i s o n t r a c k f o r t h e g o l d m e d a l.柯蒂斯正踏上奪取金牌之路。r a i s e（P a r a.8） 提升；舉起；提起 撫養；養育；培養 T h e y w e r e b o t h r a i s e d i n t h e s o u t h.他們倆都是在南方長大的。p u s h（P a r a.3） 推動（人或物）；移動（身體部位）推動；促使（達到某程度或狀態）

Ⅱ.熱詞積累

Vocabulary

1.deserve v.to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have值得；應得；應受

2.poverty n.the state of being poor貧窮；貧困

3.discrimination n.the practice of treating sb or a particular group in society less fairly than others區別對待；歧視；偏袒

4.endure v.to experience and deal with something that is painful or unpleasant，especially without complaining忍耐；忍受

5.tough adj.difficult to do or to deal with艱苦的;艱難的；棘手的

6.honor n.high respect； as that shown for special merit；esteem尊敬；對特殊美德的高度尊重；尊重

Phrases

1.depend on取決于

2.meet one's greatest challenges in the future迎接某人未來最大的挑戰

3.problem-solving skills解決問題的辦法

4.need the insights and critical-thinking skills需要洞察力和批判性思維能力

5.take a turn for the worse使情況惡化

6.have the opportunity to go有機會去

7.follow one's dreams追隨某人的夢想

8.earn good grades取得好成績

9.get a scholarship獲得獎學金

10.be on one's way to doing sth在做某事的路上

11.keep sb out of使某人遠離

12.worse off變得更窮困；變得更糟

13.take responsibility承擔責任

14.call on sb to do號召某人去做

15.set one's own goals設定某人自己的目標

16.do everything sb can to盡某人所能

Ⅲ.讀后創寫

寫作技能——概括事例支撐觀點：觀點+事例+總結

1.這是一個古老而著名的中國成語故事，它激勵我們不管面臨什么情況都要堅定地前行。（whatever）

2.這孩子窮得連蠟燭都買不起，于是他在墻上鉆了個洞，借鄰居家的光線晚上看書。（who）

3.這個故事的寓意：不遺余力地獲取知識，無論情況有多困難，都不要輕易泄氣。（no matter how）

閱讀賞析

演講之排比結構

排比結構是指結構相同或相似、意義密切相關、語氣一致的句子，或詞組成串排列的語言現象。由于排比結構形式，原創內容聯系緊密，讀起來聲調鏗鏘有力，表達強烈的感情形成均衡美。語篇中排比結構的使用，既可以起到連句成篇的作用，又能起到篇章紐帶的作用。

在演講中，我們使用事例時要層層深入，語言連貫；其次，從句子段落的銜接來看，這種排比結構也起到連接成篇的作用。

1.We believe that the ultimate decency is to help men and never harm men， to lift men and not degrade men，and to respect the dignity of all men as individual human beings.

我們堅信，正義最終是為了幫助人類，而絕非傷害；為了提升人類，而非羞辱；為了像尊重個人一樣尊重所有人的尊嚴。

2.We learn by what we see—pay attention， by what we hear—be a good listener.Now I do suggest being a selective listener，don't just let anybody dump into your mental factory.We learn from what we read.Learn from every source， learn from lectures， learn from songs， learn from sermons，learn from conversations with people who care.Keep learning.

我們可通過眼見之事來學習——故要留心觀察；可通過耳聞之事來學習——故要用心傾聽。在此，我建議你一定要有選擇地傾聽，不要隨便往你的“大腦工廠”里傾倒垃圾。從書中學，從各種信息來源中學，從演講中學，從歌曲中學，從訓誡中學，從與別人的交談中學。學無止境。

主題應用·語庫構建

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

正能量

1．be absorbed/buried/occupied in...全神貫注于……；專心致志于……

2．be occupied with 忙于；專心于

3.go over復習

4.go through瀏覽；翻閱

5.have a good command/knowledge of精通

6.keep...in mind記住……

7.make an effort to do sth努力去做某事

8.make progress取得進步

9.make it通過；成功

10.achieve success獲得成功

11.figure out理解；明白；計算

12．catch up with 趕上

13.scholarship n．獎學金

14.pay off取得成功

15．make up one's mind 做出決定；下決心

16．on schedule 按時

17．participate in 參加

18．turn/hand in 上交

19.refer to參考；查閱；提到；涉及

20．spare no effort to do sth不遺余力去做某事

21.be punctual for classes準時上課

22.receive the high school diploma獲得高中文憑

23.strict regulations嚴格的規定

24.after graduation畢業后

負能量

1.ask for leave請假

2.be absent from缺席

3.drop out of school退學；輟學

4.fall behind落后

5.fail the exam考試失敗

6.absence of mind心不在焉；魂不守舍

7.cheat in the exam考試作弊

8.be blamed for因……而受到責備

9.be punished for因……而受懲罰

10.be forbidden to do被禁止做

11.allow sb to do允許某人（去）做

校園活動

1.feel confident感覺很自信

2.open a debate開始辯論

3.discuss with sb about sth與某人討論某事

4.encouragement n．鼓勵

5.memory n．回憶；記憶

6.observe v．觀察；監視；觀測

7.do/make/perform/carry out an experiment做實驗

8.put forward提出

9.take an active part in積極參加

10.play football， basketball， volleyball， table tennis 踢足球、打籃球、打排球、打乒乓球

11.help students develop these social skills幫助學生發展這些社交技能

12.study the structure of leaves under the microscope研究顯微鏡下的葉片結構

13.during scientific experiments在科學實驗中

14.team up with...與……合作；與……協作

15.go to the Computer Club去電腦俱樂部

16.during the lunch break午休期間

17.tell us about the rules of the school告訴我們學校的規章制度

18.attend an assembly in the school hall參加在學校大廳舉行的集會

19.the average size正常規模；通常大小

師生關系

1.be strict with...對……要求嚴格

2.my favourite teacher我最喜歡的老師

3.explain English grammar so clearly把英語語法解釋得如此清楚

4.kind and patient善良與耐心

5.take care of照顧

6.share happiness and sadness分享快樂和悲傷

7.send E-mails to發送電子郵件到

8.under the umbrella of...在……保護下

9.under the guidance在指導下

10.with the assistance of...在……的幫助下

11.be touched/moved by被觸動/感動

12.inspire/encourage/motivate sb to do激勵某人去做

13.help sb overcome the difficulties幫助某人克服困難

14.face the music承擔后果；面對不愉快的局面

15.feel nervous/anxious感到緊張/焦慮

16.can't wait to do等不及要做

17.cheer up （使）高興起來；（使）振作起來

Ⅱ.美句背誦

校園生活玩得轉

1.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyableandexcitingexperienceforme.(牛津M1U1Reading)

2.We start school at 7:50 am and we finish at 3 pm.I take part in all kinds of after-school activities.(外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

3.Meanwhile， I find myself looking back at my senior year，and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.(外研版 Book 7 Module 2)

4.To help students develop these social skills，schools offer a large number of after-school activities， in other words，activities that take place outside classroom lessons.

師恩難忘點滴間

1.I felt lucky，as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects...(牛津M1U1Reading)

2.He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to studying and achieving high grades.(牛津M1U1Reading)

3.He talks loudly and fast and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited.（外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

4.He's really amusing and tells jokeswhen he thinks we're getting bored.（外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

5.In many European countries， for example， the relationship between teachers and students is quite formal.(外研版Book 1 Module 1)

6.We had a dynamic English teacher，a bachelor who had plenty of time for us boys and inspired my life-long love of literature.

7.There was also a teacher of botanical science，who introduced me to my passion for flowers and plants.(外研版Book 7 Module 2)

Ⅲ.讀后創寫

2017年12月3日The Daily Telegraph刊登了一篇文章，報道3，000名治療專家走進英國教室，切實解決英國校園學生面臨的越來越多的精神壓力和心理健康問題。

你作為學校記者團成員，用英語寫了一篇分析文章，投稿英語學習專欄。寫作提綱：

1.30個字概括事件；

2.分析中國青少年心理關注的現狀；

3.給出建議。

思路導引

段落思維 切入視角 關鍵表達第一部分：事件概述●W h o●H o w●W h y●h e a l t h p r o f e s s i o n a l s●b e t r a i n e d t o g o i n g t o B r i t a i n c l a s s r o o m s●t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m s o f t r o u b l e d c h i l d r e n第二部分：現狀分析●角度一：學業壓力(競爭激烈、學習壓力、感到焦慮、糟糕的學業表現、未能適應新的學校生活)●角度二：校內人際壓力（校園霸凌、教師的批評、與同學關系不好……）●角度三：校外缺少關愛(缺少父母的關心、缺少溫暖和關愛、沒有溝通的機會……)●f i e r c e c o m p e t i t i o n， s t u d y p r e s s u r e， f e e l a n x i o u s，p o o r a c a d e m i c p e r f o r m a n c e，f a i l t o a d a p t t o n e w s c h o o l l i f e●s c h o o l b u l l y i n g， t h e c r i t i c i s m f r o m t e a c h e r s， b a d r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h c l a s s m a t e s●a b s e n c e o f p a r e n t s'c o m p a n y， l a c k w a r m t h a n d c a r e，h a v e n o c h a n c e s t o c o m m u n i c a t i o n第三部分：個人建議與期望●自身方面：加強溝通（與朋友多談話、參加學校活動……）●他人方面：父母和老師多關愛●個人期待：各方面共同努力●t a l k m o r e w i t h f r i e n d s， t a k e p a r t i n s c h o o l a c t i v i t i e s●e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d c a r e f r o m p a r e n t s a n d t e a c h e r s●m a k e j o i n t e f f o r t s

小貼士

提建議時可使用的句型

It's essential/important/a good idea to do...……是必須的/重要的/一個好主意

A good suggestion is that...一個好的建議是……I think that...我認為……

You might as well....你最好……

It is wise of you to do...你……是明智的