Module 4?Which English？

詞匯短語園地

1. instantly adv. 立即，馬上

He has an instantly recognisable face.

他長著一副一眼就能認出來的面孔。

instantly conj. 一……就……

Tell me instantly he arrives home.

他一到家就告訴我。

2. count v. 很重要；很有價值

His opinions count because of his experience.

因為他有經驗，所以他的意見很重要。

It/That doesnt count.

那不算數/重要。

count on/upon = rely on 依賴；依靠；期待；指望

You cant always count on the help from others.

你不能總是指望別人的幫助。

3. debate n. 討論；辯論

A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.

一場圍繞著減稅的辯論正在激烈地進行中。

debate v. 討論；爭論

Whether he deserves what has happened to him is open to debate.

他是否罪有應得還有待于討論。

（1） have/hold a debate on/over/about... 舉行一場關于……的辯論

（2） under debate 在討論中

The whole question is still under debate.

整個問題還在討論之中。

（3） debate sth with sb 與某人討論某事

（4） debate on/over/about 就……辯論

4. acquire v. 得到，獲得

She acquired a good knowledge of English by careful study.

她通過認真學習精通了英語。

She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.

她最近開始喜歡吃香蕉了。

辨析：

比較gain，acquire，earn和achieve

（1） gain指“收獲；獲得（有用或必需的東西）”。它可以用于體重、力量的增加，獎學金的獲得，更常用于經驗、知識、教育、滿足等的獲得。

（2） acquire指“購得，得到（尤指昂貴的或難以得到的東西）”；“獲得，掌握（知識、技能等）”。

（3） earn指“取得；賺得”。它通常指通過工作掙錢，也可指得到支持、認同、聲望或尊敬等。

（4） achieve指“得到，獲得”。它多指成就、目標、幸福的取得。

5. convinced adj. 確信的，信服的

搭配：

be convinced of sth/that... 堅信某事/確信……

I am convinced of her innocence.

我堅信她是無辜的。

I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.

我確信我們做的事情是正確的。

（1） convince v. 使相信；使確信

1） convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事

Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.

你要使他們相信你渴望得到這份工作。

2） convince sb to do sth 說服/勸說某人做某事

What convinced you to vote for them？

究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票？

（2） convincing adj. 有說服力的；令人信服的

His idea was not convincing. At last I convinced him to change his mind.

他的觀點沒有說服力，最終我說服了他改變主意。

6. convey v. 傳達，傳遞

搭配：

convey sth to sb 向某人傳達某事

Please convey my apology to your wife.

請向你的妻子轉達我的歉意。

convey v. 表達；輸送

I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.

我覺得難以用言語表達我的感情。

A taxi conveyed us to the train station.

出租車將我們載到火車站。

7. betray v. 對……不忠；辜負

She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.

她發現他的真實情況后，感到受了欺騙。

She betrayed his trust over and over again.

她一次又一次地辜負了他的信任。

betray v. 出賣；泄露

He was offered money to betray his colleagues.

有人收買他出賣他的同事。

Keep calm. Dont betray your identity.

沉住氣，可別露餡兒。

betray a secret to sb 向某人泄露秘密

betray ones trust 辜負某人的信任

betray oneself 暴露本來的面目

8. oppose v. 反對

搭配：

（1） oppose （doing） sth 反對（做）某事

He opposed adopting the new bill at the meeting.

在會議上他反對采納新議案。

He opposed the proposal to build another new church.

他反對建一座新教堂的建議。

（2） be opposed to （doing） sth 反對（做）某事

We are opposed to any action that does great harm to the environment.

我們反對任何嚴重破壞環境的行為。

Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working overtime frequently.

大多數公司老板說，他們反對雇員頻繁加班。

9. resist v. 反抗；抵抗

He is in good health； he is able to resist diseases.

他身體健康，能抵抗疾病。

resist還可表示“忍耐；忍住”，常用于否定句。

She could hardly resist laughing.

她忍不住笑起來。

（1） resistance n. 反抗；抵抗；抵抗力

make some/no resistance 進行/不抵抗

（2） resistant adj. 抵抗的；抵制的

be resistant to 抵抗……；抵制……

The club is resistant to any form of change.

該俱樂部反對任何形式的變革。

10. approval n. 贊許；贊成

She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.

她急不可待地想贏得她父親的贊同。

approval還可表示“批準，認可”。

I cant agree to anything without my partners approval.

沒有合伙人的認可我什么也不能答應。

（1） with the approval of... 經……的批準

（2） in approval 同意，支持

（3） give （ones） approval 給予批準

（4） meet with ones approval 得到某人的贊許/認可

11. tell...apart 區分開

The twins are very alike. I cant tell them apart.

這對雙胞胎長得太像了，我分不清他們誰是誰。

（1） tell...from... 把……和……區分開來

Can you tell Tom from his twin brother？

你能分得出湯姆和他的孿生弟弟嗎？

（2） take...apart 把……拆開

It is easy to take apart a clock but it is difficult to resemble it.

拆鐘容易，重裝難。

12. as long as 只要（引導條件狀語從句）

You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard.

只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。

so long as/on condition that... 只要……

13. lie in 在于

His success lies in his hard work.

他的成功在于勤奮工作。

14. in conclusion 總之

In conclusion， I cant thank you enough.

總之，我真是太感謝你了。

（1） reach/draw a conclusion 得出結論；下結論

（2） come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出結論

15. get down to sth/doing sth 開始（做）某事

Lets get down to doing something meaningful.

讓我們做點有意義的事情吧。

（1） get across 越過；（使）被了解

（2） get rid of 擺脫；處理

（3） get through 通過（考試）；接通（電話）

16. let sb down 使某人失望

Please come and support me. Dont let me down.

請來支持我，別讓我失望。

（1） let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用說

（2） let into 讓……進入

（3） let out 放走；發出（叫聲等）；泄露（秘密等）

Mike was late for school. He said to his teacher， Mr Black， “Excuse me for my coming late， Sir. I watched a football match in my dream.”

“Why did it make you late？” inquired the teacher.

“Because neither team could win the game， so it lasted a long time，” replied Mike.

跟蹤導練

閱讀理解

A

While there are certainly many more varieties of English， American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most English programs. Generally， it is agreed that no one version is “correct”. However， there are certainly preferences in use. The most important thing is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use the American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling （i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour—“color” is an American spelling and “flavour” is British）. This is of course not always easy—or possible. The following guide is meant to point out two differences between these two varieties of English.

Use of the Present Perfect

In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and has an effect on the present moment. For example： Ive lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In American English the following is also possible： I lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However， both forms are generally accepted in standard American English.

Possession

There are two forms to express possession in English： have or have got.

Do you have a car？

Have you got a car？

While both forms are correct （and acceptable in both British and American English）， “have got” （have you got， he hasnt got， etc.） is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ “have” （do you have， he doesnt have， etc.）.

As you can see， there are really very few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However， the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation.

1. What does the writer mean by saying “no one version is ‘correct” in Paragraph 1？

A. Every variety is perfect.

B. There is no best variety.

C. Every variety has its problems.

D. There is no absolutely correct variety.

2. English learners are advised to use ___ .

A. one variety in the same writing B. easy English varieties

C. the best English variety D. different English varieties

3. Which is American English？

A. He hasnt got any iPhone.

B. Do you have an MP5 player？

C. Have you got an MP5 player？

D. She hasnt really got an iPhone 8.

4. What differences between American English and British English are discussed in the text？

a. Grammar. b. Vocabulary.

c. History. d. Spelling.

A. a； b； c B. a； c； d

C. a； b； d D. b； c； d

B

Children pushed in buggies （嬰兒車） which face away from their parents may suffer long?term emotional and language problems， according to a study published on Friday.

The research， believed to be the first of its kind， found that children who were not facing the person pushing them were less likely to talk， laugh and interact with their parents.

The findings were based on a study of 2， 722 parents and babies and an experiment where 20 babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile， facing their parents for half the journey and facing away for the other half. Parents using face-to-face buggies were twice as likely to talk to their children while the babies heart rates fell and they were twice as likely to fall asleep， an indication that they were feeling relaxed and safe. In addition， only one baby out of the 20 studied laughed while sitting in an away?facing buggy.

“Our data suggests that for many babies today， life in a buggy is emotionally impoverished and possibly stressful. Stressed babies grow into anxious adults， ” said Dr Suzanne Zeedyk， Developmental Psychologist at Scotlands Dundee University who carried out the research. The study， which was published by National Literacy Trust as part of its “Talk To Your Baby” campaign， found that 62 percent of all children observed travelled in away?facing buggies. Zeedyk said it would impact negatively on babies development if they spent a long time in away?facing buggies， which would undermine （削弱） their ability to communicate with their parents at a time when their brain was developing rapidly.

Laura Barbour of the Sutton Trust， a social mobility charity which funded the research， said buggy manufacturers should look closely at the findings.

5. What is the possible result of using away?facing buggies？

A. Benefiting both the babies and their parents.

B. Affecting babies language ability permanently.

C. Helping babies communicate with their parents.

D. Having positive effect on babies development.

6. What can we know about the experiment from Paragraph 3？

A. Children feel relaxed and safe in buggies.

B. Only one baby laughed in the away?facing buggy.

C. 20 babies were wheeled in buggies facing their parents.

D. Parents talk more with the babies in away?facing buggies.

7. What does the underlined word “impoverished” in Paragraph 5 mean？

A. Poor. B. Nervous.

C. Rich. D. Energetic.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Best for Kids to Face Parents in Buggy

B. Stressed Babies Grow into Anxious Adults

C. Best for Kids to Communicate with Parents

D. Buggy Manufacturers Care about the Finding

閱讀七選五

There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.

Often， both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities （休閑活動） as well as school expectations.

The business also adds another factor： The need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly. Computers， DVDs， CDs， television， PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities， rather than traditional more active pursuits （消遣）. This has led to a lifestyle of less exercise.

Unfortunately， they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard （轟炸） their audience with “perfect” body images， the need to buy the most fashionable clothes， the most up?-to-?date computer games， the best places to visit and the best things to do.

Environments vary. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.

Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy—if he or she is motivated enough！

A. Nowadays， people are very busy.

B. People are living in a bad air environment.

C. The media provide entertainment and information.

D. Today society places a lot of emphasis on technology.

E. Advertisements play an important role in peoples life.

F. We may be exposed to pollution， such as cigarette smoke.

G. The important one is motivation or the desire to be healthy.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

完形填空

School was over and I was both mentally and physically tired. I sat at the very front of the school bus because of my 1 to get home. Sitting at the front made me 2 out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.

Jane， the driver， tried to break the 3 atmosphere by striking the match of .

I tried to mind manners and 5 focused my attention， but usually I was too busy thinking of my day. On this day， ， her conversation was worth listening to.

“My fathers sick，” she said to no one in . I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes... With a sudden shock， I asked， “Whats wrong with him？”

With her eyes wet from 8 the tears， she responded， “Heart trouble.” Her eyes lowed as she ， “Ive already lost my mum.”

I couldnt respond. I was . My heart ached for her. I started thinking of the great my own mother was into when my father died. I saw how hard it was， and still is， for her. I wouldnt like anyone to go that experience.

Suddenly I realized Jane wasnt only a bus driver. That was

her job. She had a whole world of family and concerns， too. I have never thought her as anything but a bus driver.

I suddenly felt very . I realized I had only thought of people as as what their purposes were in my life. I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as .

I may be unimportant in elses world， but I have my whole world. I not have been so self-centered. Understanding people is an art.

1. A. anxiety B. determination C. decision D. attempt

2. A. find B. make C. think D. stand

3. A. unpopular B. uncomfortable C. unusual D. unforgettable

4. A. fire B. topic C. conversation D. discussion

5. A. politely B. devotedly C. carelessly D. sincerely

6. A. however B. therefore C. thus D. otherwise

7. A. surprise B. common C. silence D. particular

8. A. fighting B. avoiding C. clearing D. keeping

9. A. told B. lasted C. repeated D. continued

10. A. for sure B. at ease C. in shock D. in despair

11. A. trouble B. pain C. pity D. disappointment

12. A. invited B. called C. thrown D. attracted

13. A. on B. round C. through D. without

14. A. almost B. nearly C. ever D. just

15. A. out B. of C. over D. against

16. A. sad B. depressed C. selfish D. worried

17. A. far B. long C. much D. well

18. A. unfit B. unselfish C. unnecessary D. unimportant

19. A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. one

20. A. must B. may C. can D. should

語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Once a manager wanted to test his people about their values of life. He announced that in their folder， there was a PVC pouch （小袋） and in 1 a seed. When they return， they must put the seed in a pot with good soil and look after it very well. He would hold a 2 （compete） at the next years seminar and the best plants would be awarded 3 （suitable）.

Everyone did what was told. And the next year in a big hall， there were hundreds of pots and a great 4 （vary） of plants—all except one. In this pot was soil， 5 no plant！ The owner of the pot 6 （stand） quietly and feeling ashamed of himself.

The manager asked him what had happened and he told him the truth. He planted the seed， he was given， and did what needed （do）—but nothing happened.

The general manager declared him the winner！ Everyone （shock）.

It was announced， “Gentlemen！ The seeds I gave you were

（boil） seeds. You planted them and nothing happened！ You acted smartly and used some other seeds. This man was honest about his work and therefore， he did not cheat me or himself！”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯

My hometown is a pretty city， so people there are kind and polite. With coming of spring， grass， trees and flowers grew in many colors. In summer， the sea under the blue sky is even more beautiful. After autumn arrives， the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees. In winter， a lot of white birds coming to my city for food. They can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. While they find fish come to the surface， they fly down immediate and catch it without delay. That is my city， and I love it very much.