石蒜>玉竹>油桐純林>桔梗>黃精;干籽出干仁率分別為麥冬>黃精>玉竹>石蒜>桔梗>油桐純林;干仁出油率分別為麥冬>黃精>玉竹>石蒜>桔梗>油桐純林;桐酸含量油桐+黃" />
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摘 要: 通過在油桐林下套種5種藥材,分析不同套種模式下油桐果實經濟性狀、脂肪酸組分及含量和經濟效益。結果表明:鮮果出鮮籽率麥冬>石蒜>玉竹>油桐純林>桔梗>黃精;干籽出干仁率分別為麥冬>黃精>玉竹>石蒜>桔梗>油桐純林;干仁出油率分別為麥冬>黃精>玉竹>石蒜>桔梗>油桐純林;桐酸含量油桐+黃精、油桐+玉竹和油桐+桔梗模式較高;經濟效益以玉竹最高,每667 m2達到了14 100元,桔梗為11 560元,黃精為9 050元。
關鍵詞: 油桐;套種;果實性狀;經濟效益
中圖分類號:S72 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-3020(2018)04-0001-03
Abstract: We intercropped Vernicia fordii with 5 medicinal plants and analyzed the fruit characters and economic benefits of different intercropping patterns. The results showed: the sequence of the seed rate of fresh fruits of different patterns was that Ophiopogon japonicas>Lycoris radiata>Polygonatum odoratum >CK>Platycodon grandiflorus>Polygonatum sibiricum; and that of the kernel rate of dry seed of different patterns was that Ophiopogon japonicas>Polygonatum sibiricum >Polygonatum odoratum >Lycoris radiata> Platycodon grandiflorus>CK; and that of the oil rate of dry kernel of different patterns was that Ophiopogon japonicas> Polygonatum sibiricum> Polygonatum odoratum> Lycoris radiata > Platycodon grandiflorus>CK; and the paulownic acid from the patterns of Vernicia fordii+Polygonatum, Vernicia fordii+Polygonatum odoratum and Vernicia fordii+Platycodon grandiflorus was higher than that of others. The economic benefit of the pattern of Vernicia fordii+Polygonatum odoratum was the higest and arrived 14,100 yuan per 667m2; and the secondly was that of Vernicia fordii+Platycodon grandiflorus and Vernicia fordii+Polygonatum sibiricum, which were 11,560 yuan and 9,050 yuan per 667 m2, respectively.
Key words: Vernicia fordii; intercropping patterns; fruit characters; economic benefits
油桐(Vernicia fordii)是中國特有的木本油料樹種,桐油是世界上最優質的干性植物油,是重要的工業原料,產量和質量均居世界首位[1]。林藥套種是一種立體種植模式,能夠實現土地經濟效益的最大化,具有良好的經濟效益和林業生態效益。在林下間作藥材可實現野生、半野生栽培,有利于保持藥材的原始品質,甚至提高和改善[2]。采用合理的林藥間作模式,能夠有效地緩解林、藥爭地的矛盾和土地利用率不高的現象,也能夠實現農民增收和林業增效,實現林藥互補[3-6],這對實現林業可持續發展具有重要意義。本文旨在通過油桐林地套種不同種類藥材,篩選出最大利益化的藥材種類,并對套種地的油桐經濟性狀、品質和套種經濟效益進行測定比較,擬為油桐林下經濟發展提供理論依據。
1 試驗地概況
試驗地位于湖北省恩施州來鳳縣(109°00′~109°27′ E,29°06′~29°40′ N),地處湖北西南,平均海拔680.00 m,土壤主要為紅壤和黃壤。來鳳縣屬亞熱帶大陸性季風濕潤型……