吳紅梅 李志良 王書珍 方元平 張旭新 金衛斌
摘 要: 為摸清英山吳家山森林公園杜鵑的分布和生長情況,選擇不同海拔設置樣方,以杜鵑株數,分枝數,株高、基部蓋度,土壤養分等指標進行了分析。結果表明:土壤屬于酸性到強酸性類型,適宜杜鵑生長;不同海拔高度樣方土壤養分沒有顯著差異;隨著海拔的上升,杜鵑分布密度呈增加的趨勢,杜鵑分枝數及基部蓋度在最高海拔處顯著高于低海拔處,表明本地杜鵑在高海拔條件下生長得更好。研究結果對于認識本地杜鵑生長習性、保護特色生物資源具有參考價值。
關鍵詞: 杜鵑;海拔;密度;生長性狀;吳家山森林公園
中圖分類號:S7 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-3020(2018)04-0060-03
Abstract: Five plots at different altitudes in Wujiashan Forest Park,Yingshan County, were selected to investigate the number of Azaleas( Rhododendron simsii ) of each plot, and its distribution density was also calculated. Ten individuals in every plot were randomly selected to investigate the number of every trees branches, and the plant height and basal coverage were measured. The soil samples of every plot were collected to investigate its nutrient situation. The results showed that the native soil was from acidic to strongly acidic and suitable for the growth of the azaleas. There was no significant difference in soil nutrient content at different altitudes. With the increase of altitude, the distribution density of Azaleas was increasing, and the number of branches and basal coverage at the highest altitude was significantly higher than that at low altitude, which indicated that the Azaleas in this parkgrew better under high altitude conditions. The results have reference value for understanding the growth habits of local azaleas and protecting local biological resources reasonably.
Key words: Rhododendron simsii; altitude; density; growth traits;Wujiashan Forest Park
杜鵑(Rhododendron simsii),別名映山紅、山躑躅等,屬杜鵑花科杜鵑花屬(Rhododendron)多年生常綠或半常綠灌木,廣泛分布在中國長江流域的山丘[1]。在鄂豫皖交界的大別山區,杜鵑是灌木層常見的優勢種,在開花盛期能夠形成紅滿山坡的壯麗景觀。但這些天然種群的一些基礎性問題依然有待研究,保護這些特色資源就缺乏可靠依據[2]。本文報道的是在大別山主峰之一的英山吳家山森林公園中對杜鵑天然居群進行樣方調查的結果。
1 研究區域和方法
1.1 研究區域概況
英山吳家山國家森林公園位于鄂皖交界的大別山主峰西南側,地理位置范圍為E:115°46′31.37″~115°50′39.20″;N:31°04′43.20″~31°07′31.60″,占地3.02×104 hm2。這里的森林覆蓋率達96%,植物動物資源豐富,有植物一千余種,動物三百四十余種,是良好的“生物基因庫”,也是大別山杜鵑分布比較集中的區域。……