六步巧學(xué)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

陜西銅川市第一中學(xué) 賈天霞

試一試——經(jīng)典考題

根據(jù)句意在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞。

1.Tony，tell me the result of the discussion________you had with your Dad yesterday.

2.The girl______often helps me with my spoken English after school is from England.

3.Mary tells me that Wolf Warriors 2 is one of the best film ______she has seen.

4.The large building _______stands near the railway station is a supermarket.

5.The first prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination.

6.The person_______I shook hands with just now is Professor Brown from Nanchang University.

7.It is known that an elephant is the largest animal______lives on land in the world.

8.My foreign friend and Ilive in a beautiful room_______ windows are very large.

記一記——精準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)

同學(xué)們，在初中階段我們已經(jīng)接觸過(guò)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句就是在主從復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的句子。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)。關(guān)系代詞除起連接作用外，還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。

1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

My sister wants to work in the power plantthatis still being built.(作主語(yǔ)，指物)

我妹妹想在這家正在建設(shè)的發(fā)電廠工作。

Do you know the manwhogave us the talk yesterday?(作主語(yǔ)，指人)

你認(rèn)識(shí)昨天給我們做報(bào)告的那個(gè)人嗎？

The dictionary （that） I bought last week is very useful.(作賓語(yǔ)，指物，可省略)

我上周買的字典非常有用。

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

The girls came to a parkwhichhad a lot of beautiful flowers.(作主語(yǔ))

女孩們來(lái)到一個(gè)有很多美麗花朵的公園。

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.（作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）

我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。

3.who，whom用于指人，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。

He is the only one of the studentswhohas been a winner of scholarship for three years.(作主語(yǔ))

在這些學(xué)生中，他是唯一一個(gè)三年獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。

This is the person(who/whom)you are looking for.(作賓語(yǔ))

這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

4.whose既可以用于指人，也可以指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。

Children who are not active orwhosediet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。

It was an English novelwhosename I have forgotten.

那是一本英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)，我忘了它的書名。

辨一辨——難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

that和which的用法區(qū)別

關(guān)系代詞that和which都可以指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，但是在下列情況下只能用that，不用which。

1.當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all， much， everything， anything，nothing，none，the one等時(shí)。

They want to doeverything thatthey can to help us out of trouble.他們想要盡力幫助我們擺脫困境。

2.當(dāng)先行詞被only， very， just， last， all， no， little，few，any等詞修飾時(shí)。

This is theveryfilmthatI want to see.這正是我想看的電影。

3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

Thefirstthingthatyou should do is to listen carefully.你要牢記的第一件事情是仔細(xì)聽。

4.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的書。

5.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

The things and people that I met there were strange.我在那里遇到的人和事都很奇怪。

6.當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)是who或which時(shí)。

Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?穿紅色外套的女孩子是誰(shuí)？

學(xué)一學(xué)——高效方法

看先行詞，定范圍；析成分，定引導(dǎo)詞。

作答時(shí)，首先觀察先行詞是指人還是指物，然后確定可以使用哪幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。如指人可用that，who，whom和whose，指物可用that，which和whose。然后分析關(guān)系代詞在句中所作的句子成分，指人作主語(yǔ)可用who/that，作賓語(yǔ)可用who/whom/that，指物用作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)用that/which，作定語(yǔ)一律用whose。

【典例1】 I live next door to a couple ______children often make a lot of noise.

【答案與解析】whose 語(yǔ)境：我的隔壁是一對(duì)夫婦，他們的孩子們吵鬧得厲害。先行詞是a couple，指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾children，所以填whose。

【典例2】Nowadays，canwefindaperson_______hasnotexperiencedonlineshopping?

【答案與解析】who/that 語(yǔ)境：現(xiàn)在，我們還能找到?jīng)]有網(wǎng)購(gòu)經(jīng)歷的人嗎？定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是aperson，指人，所填的詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在句中作主語(yǔ)，所以填who/that。

用一用——能力提升

寫好書面表達(dá)，除了能準(zhǔn)確使用詞匯外，還需要應(yīng)用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的思想。同學(xué)們?cè)趯憰姹磉_(dá)時(shí)，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句可以使文章的句式豐富，增加文章的亮點(diǎn)，提升文章的檔次。其實(shí)使用定語(yǔ)從句很簡(jiǎn)單，請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

【典例1】(2017·全國(guó)甲卷)我寫信邀請(qǐng)你參加這個(gè)周末在我們學(xué)校舉行的中國(guó)剪紙藝術(shù)展。

I am writing to invite you to go to the papercutting exhibition.It will be held this weekend in our school.(簡(jiǎn)單句)

I am writing to invite you to go to the papercutting exhibition which/that will be held this weekend in our school.(定語(yǔ)從句)

【方法】先行詞是事物，用which/that代替第二個(gè)句子中的主語(yǔ)it，這樣關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成了一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

【典例2】(2017·全國(guó)丙卷)教練會(huì)給你安排一個(gè)伙伴，他會(huì)和你一起練習(xí)基本技能。

The coach will arrange you a partner.He will practise the basic skills with you.(簡(jiǎn)單句)

The coach will arrange you a partner who/that will practise the basic skills with you.(定語(yǔ)從句)

【方法】先行詞是人，用who或that代替第二個(gè)句子中的主語(yǔ)he，這樣關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成了一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

【典例3】(2016·全國(guó)乙卷)此外，我希望您能給我修改一下在材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。

Besides，I'd like you to correct the mistakes.You will find the mistakes in the materials.(簡(jiǎn)單句)

Besides，I'd like you to correct the mistakes(that/which)you will find in the materials.(定語(yǔ)從句)

【方法】先行詞是the mistakes，是事物，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以用that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，由于是作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

練一練——熟能生巧

單句填空

根據(jù)句意在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞。

1.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______lives were affected.

2.The problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

3.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_______are good at recognizing their own strengths.

4.Finally he reached a lonely island _______was completely cut off from the outside world.

5.The managers discussed the plan _______will be carried out the next year.

6.Nick is looking for another job because nothing_______he does satisfies his boss.

7.This is the only gold medal______our class got in the sports meeting.

8.Australia _______has beautiful beaches，rainforest and mountains has relaxed and friendly cultures.

9.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _______ you are talking about.

10.The Science Museum ______we visited during a recent trip to Britain is one of London's tourist attractions.