University of Oxford

山東莒縣招賢一中 陳龍波

The University of Oxford is a collegiate（學院的）research university located in Oxford，England.It has no known date of foundation，but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096，making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second oldest university in continuous operation.It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry Ⅱ banned English students from attending the University of Paris.After disputes（爭論）between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209，some academics fled north－east from the violence to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge.The two ancient universities are frequently jointly referred to as“Oxbridge”.

The university is made up of a variety of institutions，including 38 constituent（構成的）colleges and a full range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions.All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university，each controlling its own membership and with its own internal（內部的）structure and activities.Being a city university，it does not have a main campus；instead，its buildings and facilities（設施）are scattered（分散）throughout the city centre.Most undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials（教程）at the colleges and halls.Classes，lectures and laboratory work are provided by university faculties and departments.

The university operates the world's oldest university museum，as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain.Oxford has educated many notable alumni（校友），including 28 Nobel laureates（榮譽獲得者），27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom，and many heads of state and government around the world.Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship，one of the world's oldest and most prestigious（有威望的）international scholarships，which has brought graduate students to study at the university for more than a century.

譯文助讀

牛津大學是位于英國牛津的一所研究型大學。牛津大學的創立日期不詳，但有證據表明，其教學可追溯到1096年，這使之成為英語世界里最古老的大學和世界上連續運行的第二所最古老的大學。從1167年亨利二世禁止英國學生去巴黎大學求學起，牛津大學迅速發展壯大。1209年，在學生和牛津居民之間發生糾紛后，一些學者逃離暴力沖突，前往東北方向的劍橋，在那里建立了后來成為劍橋大學的學校，這兩所古老的大學常常被統稱為“牛津劍橋”。

牛津大學由許多學院組成，其中包括38所校屬學院和分成4大部門的各類學術系所。所有學院都是大學內設的自主管理機構，每個機構管控自己的成員，并擁有自己的內部結構和活動。牛津大學作為一所城市大學沒有主校區；與之相反，其建筑和設施分散在市中心。牛津的大多數本科教學是根據在學院和禮堂的每周教程來組織安排的。課程、講座和實驗室工作由大學教師和院系負責提供。

牛津大學擁有世界上最古老的大學博物館，以及世界上最大的大學出版社和英國最大的高校圖書館系統。牛津培養了許多著名校友，其中包括28位諾貝爾獎獲得者、27位英國首相，以及世界各地許多國家元首和政府首腦。牛津是羅德獎學金的所在地，羅德獎學金是世界上最古老和最有聲望的國際獎學金之一，一個多世紀以來供研究生在牛津大學進行學習深造。