立足現象，把握角度分析

◆ Penelope

說明某一現象的原因是江蘇高考任務型寫作中主體段落(body paragraph)的主要內容。學會立足于現象，分解現象中的因素，再針對不同因素展開分析才能在書面表達上不偏離主題，獲得高分。比如，2018年江蘇高考書面表達要求對“利用排名進行消費的現象”說明2～3個理由；2017年江蘇高考書面表達要求分析“我國電影票房收入變化的原因”并談談對票房收入走向的看法和理由；2016年的書面表達要求是闡述對網絡投票的看法，也是用2～3個理由說明；2015年要求分析導致交通問題的原因等等。由此可見掌握文章主體段落的寫作技巧是多么重要。

如何把握現象中的角度，我們首先分解現象中存在的事物，看看這一現象涉及哪幾個元素，再做分析。以“利用排名進行消費”為例，中心詞是“消費”，其中包含“消費品”和“消費者”兩個元素。如果對排名消費是積極態度，就分別立足于這兩個元素寫好處：排名高，意味著消費品質量好、服務好；消費者節省時間、方便選擇。若持反對態度，那么排名高的商品常有誤導消費之嫌、不可靠；消費者盲目隨大流會忽視自己的真正需求以及商品的內在品質，可能造成浪費。這種把握角度分析現象的方法也是我們學生很熟悉的寫作技巧。我們以2018屆南京市、鹽城市的高三一模中的書面表達為例，看看同學們的精彩表現吧！

（南京市、鹽城市2018屆高三第一次模擬考試）

第五部分：書面表達（滿分25分）

81.請認真閱讀下面有關公共圖書館的文字，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。

Libraries have always been at the heart of the communities they serve.They are accessible and safe spaces, providing access to huge resources of information and knowledge.Libraries have played an important role in helping generations of immigrants, young people, job seekers and readers to learn, stay connected and get ahead in life.Offering access to books, newspapers and, later, computers, they opened up a world of knowledge and ideas for millions of people.The public library transcends national and cultural boundaries—no matter where you are in the world, they are an essential part of creating and maintaining an educated and literate population.

But today, public libraries are at a turning point.The way we access and consume information has changed dramatically in the 21st century, and this presents major challenges and opportunities for public library systems across the world.

The advent of new technologies has changed some of our reading habits.But our need for shared, community-centred spaces to fi nd information and connect with others is unlikely to change any time soon.

【寫作內容】

1.用約30詞概述上述信息的主要內容；

2.結合上述信息，簡要分析公共圖書館仍受歡迎的主要原因；

3.就公共圖書館如何與時俱進，應對新挑戰提出你的建議（不少于兩點）。

【寫作要求】

1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；

2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱；

3.不必寫標題。

【評分標準】

內容完整，語言規范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。

這是范文中的30詞概括，從中可以看到和第二段的body paragraph之間的連接關系。

Though challenged by the development of new technologies and e-books, public libraries still play an important role in our life and appeal to increasing numbers of people, especially the young.

第二段是分析公共圖書館在數碼世界中存活的原因。也就是相對于電子書而言，公共圖書館的優勢，用對比的方法說明網絡書籍的缺陷，反襯公共圖書館不可缺少的作用。下面一段是范文中的主體段。

There are several reasons accounting for public libraries surviving the wave of digitalization.To begin with, they are open to all, providing free access to the latest resources and technologies.What’s more, one of the drawbacks of the digital materials is that they’re not always trustworthy while public libraries can offer a large collection of reliable reference books.These practical functions aside, we still need the physical space, where we can fully concentrate on our study without easily getting distracted.

我們再來看看學生們是怎樣演繹這部分內容的吧！

Student 1

Several factors may be responsible for libraries’ unfading popularity.On one hand, libraries make us accessible to diverse books, thus enabling us to enrich our knowledge reserves and expand our horizons.On the other hand, when exposed to paper books, a bridge is built up between individuals, which exert a positive effect on people’s daily communication.As a consequence, people are willing to read paper-based books, though the new technology is catching upon the traditional libraries.

Student 2

Conventional as it may be, libraries entitle us to enjoying real-life reading experience with an accessible and safe setting.Thus, we can dive into the world of knowledge and put aside distractions temporarily.Moreover, communication and sharing can be readily found here, which offers channels to linking people together.However, with life pace accelerating, libraries have to refresh themselves to better serve the public.Firstly, they ought to be equipped with more humanoriented facilities that offer readers convenience and comfort.Subsequently, unique themes and more creative concepts should be added to so as to be compatible with modern reading styles.Or rather, libraries need to fi nd their own position in the contemporary society.

Student 3

A multitude of factors may give rise to this.In the first place, the libraries have access to knowledge and information of great diversity, so it’s easier to cater to people’s different tastes.Better still is that they welcomed people from all walks of life and they remain equally essential and indispensable at every corner of the world.Additionally, people’s urgency for shared spaces to exchange and share ideas also counts.

Student 4

There are a variety of reasons accounting for this phenomenon.To begin with, the majority of people raise their awareness of reading books rather than searching for information via the Internet.What’s more, teenagers’ main obligation is to read, so it goes without saying that they are composed of the largest scale of going to public libraries.

學生們都準確把握了公共圖書館和數碼書這兩個角度，提取有利于說明公共圖書館好處的元素，用他們的寫作技巧較好地呈現出了寫作的形式。