三個玉米品種在膠東地區進行半夏種植的比較研究

劉德堯 李思凱 趙金璽 王學芬 韓守良 劉新程

摘要：為從玉米（Zea mays L.）品種的角度優化膠東地區小麥-玉米復種模式，選擇玉米品種金海5號、鄭單958、先玉335作為試驗材料，在膠東地區進行半夏種植，對其基本性狀進行對比研究。結果表明，成株葉片數方面，金海5號顯著低于鄭單958和先玉335;株高方面，先玉335顯著高于鄭單958和金海5號;抗倒伏能力方面，金海5號與先玉335優于鄭單958;果穗的生長狀況方面，鄭單958優于先玉335，金海5號最差;玉米螟抗性方面，從強到弱依次為鄭單958、金海5號、先玉335;理論產量方面，3個品種差異不明顯;鄭單958對絲黑穗病抗性較差。綜合來看，先玉335為在膠東地區進行半夏種植較為理想的玉米品種。

關鍵詞：玉米（Zea mays L.）;品種;半夏種植;膠東地區

中圖分類號：S513? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2019）23-0049-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.23.012? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Comparative study of three common maize varieties planted

in early summer in Jiaodong region

LIU De-yao，LI Si-kai，ZHAO Jin-xi，WANG Xue-fen，HAN Shou-liang，LIU Xin-cheng

（Yantai Institute，China Agricultural University，Yantai 264670，Shandong，China）

Abstract： In order to optimize the wheat-maize double cropping system from the perspective of maize （Zea mays L.） varieties， maize varieties Jinhai No.5， Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 were selected as experimental materials and planted in early summer in Jiaodong region， and their basic traits were compared and studied. The results showed that the number of leaves of Jinhai No.5 was significantly lower than that of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335; In plant height， XY335 was significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958 and Jinhai No.5; In lodging resistance， Jinhai No.5 and Xianyu 335 were better than Zhengdan 958; In growth traits of maize ears， Zhengdan 958 was better than Xianyu 335， while Jinhai No.5 was the worst; In resistance to corn borer， the order from strong to weak was Zhengdan 958， Jinhai No.5 and Xianyu 335; In theoretical yield， there was no considerably difference among three varieties; In disease resistance， Zhengdan 958 was less resistant to maize head smut. In conclusion， Xianyu 335 is an ideal maize variety for early summer planting in Jiaodong region， China.

Key words： maize （Zea mays L.）; variety; early summer planting; Jiaodong region

玉米（Zea mays L.）已成為中國第一大糧食作物，在整個糧食生產和國民經濟中占有重要地位[1]。二熟制耕作區是中國重要的糧食產區，其產量占全國總產量的53.2%[2]。充分發揮二熟制耕作區的生產潛力是緩解中國人多地少的基本國情和提高糧食單產的關鍵。張立生等[3]在山西中部地區研究小麥-玉米一年兩熟栽培技術取得了成功，獲得了“畝產噸糧”的效果。膠東半島地區以玉米、小麥為主要糧食作物，目前也廣泛地采用小麥-玉米一年二熟的復種模式[4]。不同于北方其他糧食產區，膠東半島地區屬暖溫帶海洋性季風氣候，空氣濕度大，多云多霧，受臺風影響大，年降水總量690 mm，約有53%集中在雨季（7—8月），年平均氣溫11.8 ℃，氣溫年變化和日變化較小，≥0 ℃積溫為4 474 ℃，≥10 ℃積溫為3 990 ℃。……