Analysis of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Colleges and Universities in the New Era
——Take Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences for Example

Wang Lixin

(Chongqing University of Artsand Sciences,Yongchuan,Chongqing 402160)

Abstract:Energy is the basis for the development of the material society.Energy conservation,consumption reduction,emission reduction and environmental protection are the great undertakings to maintain sustainable social development and benefit future generations.Taking Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences as an example,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the significance,current situation,measures and practices of energy conservation and emission reduction,and puts forward specific countermeasuresand suggestions.

Keywords:collegesand universities;energy conservation;emission reduction;work

In order to promote the construction of conservation-oriented campus in colleges and universities,save energy,reduce the cost of running a school,and improve the awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction among teachers and students,in accordance with the spirit of relevant national and local documents and in combination with the actual situation of our school,our school has carried out a series of work in energy conservation and emission reduction,and achieved good results,making positive contributions to the energy conservation and emission reduction work of our school.

I.Importance of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Colleges and Universities

Chinese economy has been growing rapidly with the reform and opening up,but at the same time of rapid growth,resources and environment have also paid a huge price,the contradiction is increasingly prominent.In order to ease energy constraints and alleviate environmental pressure,the state has introduced a series of policies and measures to mobilize all social forces to do a solid job in energy conservation and emission reduction.Energy conservation and emission reduction is an inevitable choice to thoroughly implement the country"ssustainabledevelopment.

Colleges and universities are important bases for education,scientific research and social services,important communities and large consumers of resources and energy.It involves a wide range,a large number and a variety of forms.Carrying out the school action on energy conservation and emission reduction can not only save resources and energy,but also guide students to establish the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection,and develop the good behavior habit of saving resources and protecting the environment,which isof great significance.

Colleges and universities across the country have earnestly implemented the spirit of the national document on energy conservation and emission reduction,actively carried out actions on energy conservation and emission reduction,and made great efforts to promote the construction of energysaving campuses by publicizing energy conservation, innovating energy- saving technologies, using energy- saving products,strengthening supervision over energy conservation and emission reduction,promoting the construction of energy-savingcampus.

II. Current Situation of Energy Consumption in Colleges and Universities

1.The consumption of water and electricity is increasing year by year,and the expenditure is increasingrapidly.

2.Energy becomes welfare consumption.In the teaching,scientific research and office departments of the school,there is no upper limit for water and electricity consumption.

3. The management mode is relatively extensive[1]. The management has overlapping authority,unclear responsibility and so on,has caused the energy waste.Energy management is generally delegated to logistics,Logistics is a functional department of colleges and universities,which has the responsibility and authority over the use of energy in each department.In terms of management, it is mostly limited to transcriptingstatistical data to solve the maintenance problemsin theaspect of energy.

4.Energy metering facilities are imperfect.Mostly have measure of water and electricity of one class only,the second and third level of water and electricity metering proportion is not high,some are not even measured,so it is not clear who is consumingthem.

5.Unreasonable energy distribution,aging equipment and facilities,low energy efficiency,high energy consumption and seriouswaste.

III. Specific Measures and Countermeasures for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Our School

(i)The Key to Energy Conservation and on and Emission Reduction is to Strengthen Organizational ional Leadership rship

The university"s energy conservation and emission reduction work involves many aspects,faced with many problems and difficulties,therefore,as the decision-maker and deployer of school energy conservation and emission reduction work,we should fully realize the great significance of building a conservation-oriented campus for the sustainable and coordinated development of school education.Only by top-down planning,overall planning,organization and leadership,and leading by example,can weeffectively promotethiswork.

Our school has set up the leading group of energy conservation and emission reduction,with the party secretary and principal as the group leader,and the vice principal in charge of logistics and finance as the deputy group leader.The general working ideas of energy conservation and emission reduction of our school have been established,and the five-year plan of implementation plan of energy conservation and emission reduction of our school has been issued.The office of energy conservation shall be set up to be responsible for the general mobilization,overall planning,general planning,task decomposition and implementation of the work of energy conservation and emission reduction of the university,formulate the working principles and assessment methods for the construction of conservation-oriented campus.

(ii)Creating a good propaganda position and on and atmosphere for energy conservation ation[[22]]is conducive to ive to promoting and establishing the concept of energy nergy conservation among teachers and students,ents,improving the awareness of energy conservation,so on,so as to better promote the work of energy conservation ation and emission reduction ction

1.The school actively carries out energy conservation publicity week activities.Through various forms of activities such as issuing energy conservation proposals,making banners,energy conservation knowledge display boards,and energy shortage experience,the school widely publicizes the importance of resource and energy conservation and improves the consciousness of all teachers and studentstosaveenergy.

2.Put up the slogan of energy conservation and warm tips in the proper position of the whole school and on the energy-using facilities and equipment,put up the slogan or picture of strict economy and anti-food waste in the canteen,put up the suggestion signs,and create the atmosphere of energy conservation.

3.Organize relevant administrative personnel to participate in the training on energy conservation carried out by higher authorities,and send key personnel to colleges and universities nationwide for on-the-spot investigation and study on energy conservation,so as to effectively promote the work of energy conservation in schools.

4.Invite energy conservation experts from outside of the school to conduct special training on energy conservation behaviors and knowledge in public institutions among all teachers and students.Make use of the school weekend education platform to bring energy conservation education into the quality education system for students.Build system of energy conservation volunteers at the same time,volunteers can mobilize the students to participate in thefestival activities.

(iii)Overall Planning and Institutional Building lding is the Protection of Energy Conservation and on and Emission Reduction ction

System is the basis for strengthening energy management in colleges and universities,establishing sound energy management rules and regulations can improve the standardization level of energy management[3].

1.In accordance with the laws,regulations and documents on energy conservation,our school has established a series of practical rules and regulations on water and power saving,energy conservation and emission reduction, energy management and control procedures,and green consumption behavior norms.In the specific implementation process,it has been constantly revised and improved,and measures such as quota management, target assessment, contract management,reward and punishment for energy conservation have been clarified,which has promoted thework of energy conservation in schools.

2.We strengthened capacity building in energy statistics and further improved the system for reporting energy statistics.The energy saving office of the university arranges full-time personnel to timely and accurately report energy consumption to higher authorities on a monthly basis;Assigned business backbone,further enrich the statistical force, quarterly classified statistics of the university"s water and electrical energy consumption,and regularly published on the campus network;According to the national pledges inspect bureau released the Energy-using Units Energy Measuring Instruments with the General Rules and Management requirements,strengthen the management of energy metering work,and conduct regular inspection of the implementation of the general principles for the equipment and management of school measuring instruments,so that the proportion of school energy measuring instruments and the inspection rate have been greatly improved,and the accuracy of the school"s water and electrical datahasbeen improved.

3.Set up a special management department and team to promote energy conservation management in schools.Enrich the staff that understand the technology,with good management,dare to management,active to the management position.Set up the hydropower management post to manage the whole school"s hydropower utilization;With respect to those who use water and electricity in violation of regulations and rules, the administrative departments shall,in the light of the facts and the consequences,recover the water and electricity charges,in serious cases,the water and electricity supply will be cut off;Strengthen inspections of water and electricity facilities in public places to prevent"running,dropping,dripping and leaking".

4.Strengthen institutional building and actively explore management by objectives.The school has adopted a series of related measures and methods to promote energy conservation:First,the target index of energy conservation and emission reduction will be decomposed to the secondary departments,and unified assessment will be carried out at the end of the year.The second is to try out the target management mode that contract of the water and electricity usage signed by water and electricity administration department with school.Thirdly,the energy quota management of all departments is gradually promoted,and the data collection is currently underway.Through a series of measures and methods,we have mobilized the initiative of all departments, enhanced their management awareness,energy conservation awareness and habits, and effectively put an end to the phenomenon of a large amount of waste in the use of water and electricity.

(iv)Adopting new technologies,new processes esses and new methods,introduce foreign capital,carry carry out innovative work in energy conservation and on and emission reduction,and vigorously promote the te the transformation of energy conservation ation

In recent years,our school has mainly carried out contract energy management,campus energy conservation monitoring platform construction,heating system construction,the main street lamp renovation work in theschool.

1.Contract energy management is a new market- oriented mechanism for energy conservation.It provides users with funds to carry out energy conservation renovation projects and provide high- quality and efficient energy conservation services,so as to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.Users can obtain stable energy conservation benefits without prior capital investment[4].

In 2012,our school signed a contract for the energy conservation renovation project of existing buildings with the energy conservation service company based on the contract energy management model.This project adopts the energy saving sharing model,and the energy conservation service company will fully invest in the renovation,with a total investment of more than 4 million RMB and a payback period of 5 years.The energy conservation service company has carried out green lighting transformation for the office building,teaching building,laboratory building and library.The use of advanced technology,low energy consumption,long life LED lights to replace the traditional fluorescent lamps(T8T5)and energy-saving lamps,greatly reducing the number of the original light source.The project passed the acceptance by the higher authorities in 2013,and the energy saving rate of the project reached 20.86%after the approval by the third party.

The project"s effects and economic benefits are mainly reflected in the significant improvement of illumination,the flicker of fluorescent lamp and the noise of ballast are solved.Low LED lamp failure,effective reduction of lamp replacement,greatly reducing maintenance costs.As the electricity consumption has been significantly reduced,with an average annual reduction of 585,000 KWH and a reduction of morethan 300,000RMB.

2.Declare project subsidy funds to superior industry departments and build a monitoring platform for campus energy conservation.The consumption of water and electricity in the school basically realizes timely and online monitoring;Lights in key energy-using places such as teaching buildings and libraries are automatically controlled by grouping lights on and off according to the intensity of outdoor light and the number of people;Office air conditioning has been effectively controled according to the outdoor temperature,operating temperature limit,infrared human body induction,remote control.The completion of the platform has brought great convenience to the daily work of the school"s energy management.The timeliness and accuracy of hydropower data have been guaranteed,providing data basis for future energy-saving reform.Achieving the classification of each office lighting,air conditioning and other metering,to provide data basis for the next quota management;The whole energy saving control system solves the problems that cannot be solved before from the practical effect,such as less people turn on more lights,good outdoor light also turn on lights,air conditioning can not limit the temperature.

3.The university actively promotes new technologies and introduces social funds to improve service quality and promote energy conservation and emission reduction.The electric water heater and natural gas water heater in the student dormitory of the university are eliminated and transformed by introducing the heat supply company in the BOT mode,and the hot water is supplied by the air source heat pump system.At present,nearly 20,000 students in our school use this system.The advantages of this system are green,safe and reliable,and energy saving;Under the same condition,the running cost of air energy water heater is only one fourth of the electric water heater and one third of the gas water heater.In the student dormitory implying the time section water supply with strict controlling,may reduce the energy waste greatly.

4.More than 400 main street lamps in the school were retrofitted with energy saving,all of which were LED light sources,with the energy savingratereaching 25%.

5.All water appliances in the school"s office area will be replaced with water-saving faucets and water-saving irrigation valves,and sprinkler irrigation will beadopted on thegreen land.

To sum up,the work of energy conservation and emission reduction in colleges and universities has a long way to go and faces both development opportunities and severe challenges.We believe that under the joint efforts of teachers and students,the construction of conservation-oriented campus will achieve good results.