as的多重身份

鄭鐸

as的用法靈活，詞義繁多，特別是在復合句中更能體現其用法的多樣性和靈活性，但如果能正確掌握as的詞性和詞義，是不難掌握其用法的。

一、as用作關系代詞引導定語從句

1.as引導非限制性定語從句，一般不指代某個具體的名詞或代詞，而是指代整個主句或主句的一部分，意為“正如，如同”。這種從句可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，有時還可以放在句子的中間。

As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.

正如報紙所報道的，兩國間的談判有所進展。

Grammar is not a set of dead rules，as has been said above.

如上所說，語法不是一套死條文。

Spiders are not insects，as many people think，nor even nearly related to them.

蜘蛛不是昆蟲，盡管許多人都這樣認為，它甚至與昆蟲沒有關系。

2.as引導限制性定語從句，主要用于the same...as（與……相同），such...as（像……一樣），as...as（與……一樣）等詞組。

She knew he felt just the same as she did.

她知道他的感受和她一樣。

Such a man with a good temper as Mr. Li is easy to get along with.

像李先生這樣好脾氣的人是容易相處的。

He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.

他抽一種他買得起的價格的香煙。

二、as作為從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句

表示“隨著……”“當……的時候”或“一邊……一邊……”，強調主句的動作和從句的動作同時發生。

I saw him as he was getting off the bus.

當他下公共汽車的時候，我看見了他。

The boy was singing a popular song as he was bicycling.

這男孩邊騎車邊唱歌。

As she grew older，she became less active.

當長大一點的時候，她就變得不那么活潑了。

三、as作為從屬連詞引導原因狀語從句

as引導的原因狀語從句常放在主句前，表示“因為，由于”。

As you were out，I left a message.

你不在，所以我留了一張字條兒。

As she is a model teacher，she sets a good example to others.

因為她是一名模范教師，她給其他人樹立了一個好的典范。

As he wasnt ready in time，we went to the cinema without him.

由于他沒有及時準備好，我們就先去看電影了，沒有等他。

四、as作為從屬連詞引導讓步狀語從句

as引導讓步狀語從句比較特別，它要求將表語和狀語或謂語的一部分倒裝。

Old as he is，he is still full of energy.

盡管他年紀大了，但依然精力充沛。

Try as she may，she never succeeds.

盡管她很努力，但從未成功過。

Much as I admire Mr. Wang as a poet， I dont like him as a man.

盡管我喜歡王先生的詩歌，但我不喜歡他的為人。

注意：當倒裝后，置于句首的名詞為單數可數名詞時，名詞前習慣上不帶冠詞。

Boy as he was，he was made king.

盡管他還是個孩子，卻被立為國王了。

五、as用作從屬連詞引導方式狀語從句

as引導方式狀語從句時，表示“按照，依照，像”。

They did as I had asked.

他們是按照我的要求做的。

When you are in Rome，do as the Romans do.

入鄉隨俗。

Tell it as it is.

實話實說。

六、as與其他詞搭配使用構成從屬連詞，引導從句

1.as if/ as though，表示“好像，仿佛”，引導表語從句或方式狀語從句。

It looks as if/as though it is going to snow.

看起來要下雪了。

He looks as if /as though he had seen a ghost.

他的臉色看起來好像他看見了鬼一樣。

He talks as if /as though he knew everything about it.

他說話的口氣好像他已經全部知道了。

2.as/so long as，表示“只要”，引導條件狀語從句。

As /So long as you can keep away from them，you will be safe.

只要你能遠離他們，你就安全了。

Im happy as long as you are happy.

只要你幸福，我就感到幸福了。

3. as/so far as，表示“在……的范圍內”，引導狀語從句。

多用于下列結構：as/so far as I know（據我所知），as/so far as I can see，as/so far as Im concerned（依我看）。

As /So far as I know，the couple have been abroad for about five years.

據我所知，這對夫婦已經出國約五年了。

Theres only one thing to be done now，as far as I can see.

依我看，現在只有一件事情要做。

4. as? soon as，表示“一……就”，引導時間狀語從句。

As soon as he got off the plane，he telephoned her girlfriend.

他一下飛機就給他的女朋友打了個電話。

He started as soon as he received the news.

他一得到消息就出發了。

5. as to，相當于about，concerning，with respect to，regarding，意為“關于”。

Can you give me some advice as to how to keep a good figure？

你能就如何保持好身材給我些建議嗎？

As to tax，that will be deducted from your salary.

至于稅款，將從你的薪水中扣除。

6. so as to...，不放句首，相當于in order to do，意為“為了”。

The students are studying hard so as not to fail the exam.

學生們為了不掛科刻苦學習。

We went early so as to get good seats.

為了占到好座位，我們早早就出發了。

七、as可以用作介詞，意為“像，如同”“作為，當作”

as作介詞表“作為”時，大多用作狀語，偶爾作賓語補足語。

The boy acts as a guide during the course of this trip.

在這次旅途中，這個男孩像個導游一樣。

As a child，I used to go hunting with my grandfather.

小時候，我曾和祖父一起去打獵。

The news came as a shock.

消息傳來，令人震驚。

（責任編校 周丹）