李敏 董一凡 上官中華 秦向鵬



摘 要:有效調控污染物的運移是實現污染土工程再利用的前提??紤]石油污染鹽漬土的特殊性及工程利用的力學需求,優選石灰和粉煤灰為改性材料,結合靜態動態試驗,研究石灰和粉煤灰對濱海鹽漬土中石油污染物的吸附解吸行為的影響。結果表明:單獨的石灰和粉煤灰,對石油污染物的吸附率分別為26%和14%,兩者聯合作用時,吸附率提高到39%,在鹽漬土中加入石灰和粉煤灰可有效提高對石油污染物的吸附量,加快吸附穩定速率;鹽漬土、石灰+鹽漬土、粉煤灰+鹽漬土、石灰+粉煤灰+鹽漬土對石油的吸附動力學均符合Lagergren二級動力學非線性方程,聯合作用可使吸附平衡時間由400 min縮短至60 min;石灰、粉煤灰有利于吸附賦存于土顆??紫吨形幢畸}漬土顆粒吸附的呈自由態的石油;鹽漬土、石灰+鹽漬土、粉煤灰+鹽漬土、石灰+粉煤灰+鹽漬土對石油污染物的吸附等溫線均為非線性Freundlich模式;石油被解吸的能力依次為鹽漬土>粉煤灰+鹽漬土>石灰+鹽漬土>石灰+粉煤灰+鹽漬土,石灰+粉煤灰對石油污染物的吸附以化學吸附為主,具有不可逆性,有助于緩解環境溫度的影響,增強穩定性。
關鍵詞:石油污染土;吸附解吸動力學;吸附熱力學;石灰;粉煤灰
中圖分類號:TU448
文獻標志碼:A? 文章編號:2096-6717(2019)02-0053-07
Abstract:Control of pollutant migration is the prerequisite for the reuse of contaminated soil. Considering the properties of contaminated saline soil and the mechanical demand in engineering utilization, lime and fly ash were chosen optimally as treated materials. The influence of lime and fly ash on adsorption-desorption behaviors of oil contamination in inshore saline soil were studied via static and dynamic tests. Results indicate that: under the individual action of lime and fly ash, the oil adsorption rate is increased by 26% and 14%, respectively, and it increases by 39% as combine. As a conclusion, lime and fly ash can effectively increase adsorption rate and improve adsorption rate of oil contamination. Adsorption kinetics of saline soil, lime + saline soil, fly ash + saline soil, lime + fly ash + saline soil on oil contamination conform to the dynamic nonlinear equation of Lagergren second-level dynamics. The adsorption equilibrium time of saline soil was 400 min and it reduced to 60 min for lime and fly ash. Lime and fly ash is beneficial to adsorb the free oil which cannot be adsorbed by saline soil. The adsorption isotherms of saline soil, lime + saline soil, fly ash + saline soil, lime + fly ash + saline soil are non-linear Freundlich models. Adsorption of oil contamination for lime + fly ash? is an irreversible chemical process , which can help to reduce the influence of ambient temperature and enhance stability.
Keywords:oil contamination soil; adsorption-desorption kinetics; adsorption thermodynamics; lime; fly ash
石油作為一種含有多種烴類及少量其他有機物的復雜混合物,存在致癌、致畸、致突變的風險[1]。石油污染土體后,一部分被土顆粒中的礦物質和有機質吸附,另一部分則會在水動力的驅動下,繼續向土體內部遷移,造成大面積的土體污染[2-4]。被土顆粒吸附的石油具有不穩定性,溫度、含水率等因素的變化均會使被土顆粒吸附的石油重新發生解吸,成為二次污染源[5-6]。改性固化以實現其工程再利用是污染土的處置理念之一[7],有效控制土中污染物的遷移是需解決的關鍵問題[8-9]。
針對土體與石油間吸附性的研究集中于非鹽漬土:水中細小的油微粒在黃土表面上的粘附速度很快,10 min即可基本達到平衡[10]。石油的吸附量與土壤粒徑及pH值的大小成反比,并隨土壤有機質含量的升高而增大[11]。由于蒙脫石比表面積較大,且含有部分金屬離子,當土中加入蒙脫石等吸附劑進行改性后,對石油的吸附量有很大提高[12]。Linear吸附關系可描述原油在土體中的吸附狀況,有機質含量會影響原油的吸附量[13];較高的介質鹽度和較低的溫度有利于重油在沉積物上的吸附,吸附速率方程可用偽二級動力學模型描述[14];高嶺石對瀝青質的吸附等溫線符合Langmuir吸附等溫式[15];多環芳烴類物質濃度為100~1 000 μg/L時,土體對芳烴類物質的吸附符合Freundlich等溫吸附模型[16]。