王菲彬 滕啟城 高一帆 陳秋韻 王長菊 闕澤利



摘 要:以現代木結構中的齒板連接木桁架為基礎,開發一種多榀木桁架,研究其承載能力和抗變形能力。依據《木結構試驗方法標準》(GB/T 50329—2012)中規定的木桁架分級加載試驗方法,對比3種木桁架在設計標準荷載下的變形情況和破壞加載階段的極限承載力。結果表明,多榀木桁架的極限承載力能達到其設計標準荷載的2倍以上,具有良好的安全儲備性能;設計時需嚴格驗算木桁架的節點齒板承載力,以滿足相應木桁架承載力水平的要求;組成多榀木桁架的單榀之間通過木銷連接,具有較好的協同效應,能有效解決單榀的失穩問題;木銷連接是一種有效的多榀連接方式,能達到多榀木桁架極限承載力高于單榀之和的目的,使其抗變形能力更優。
關鍵詞:木桁架;靜載試驗;承載能力;抗變形
中圖分類號:TU366.2
文獻標志碼:A? 文章編號:2096-6717(2019)02-0086-07
Abstract:Wood truss connected with metal plate is an important structural component widely used in modern timber structures. A new type of girder truss was developed and its bearing capacity and anti-deformation ability of light wood truss were studied. According to multi-stage loading test method specified in Standard for test methods of timber structures (GB/T 50329-2012), the deformation of 3 kinds of wooden trusses under standard design load and the ultimate bearing capacity during the destructive loading stage were compared. The test results showed that ultimate bearing capacity of wood truss is more than twice the standard design load which means the truss has great safety margin. During the course of design, the bearing capacity of the metal plate joints of the timber truss must be strictly checked to meet the basic requirements of corresponding bearing capacity of the truss. Several single trusses combined into girder truss by wooden dowel which have great synergistic effect can effectively solve the instability of the single truss. Wooden dowel joint is an effective connection for girder truss, which makes the bearing capacity of girder truss exceeds the sum of several single trusses and anti-deformation ability much better than single ones.
Keywords:timber girder truss; static load test; bearing capacity; anti-deformation
輕型木桁架(light wood truss)作為一種重要的工程木產品在歐美等國家的木結構建筑中得到了廣泛應用。輕型木桁架以其輕質高強、預制化程度高以及施工靈活等優勢,不僅用于多種結構形式的現代木結構屋蓋、樓蓋體系,在城市老舊房屋“平改坡”工程中也得到了大力推廣和應用[1-2]。在輕型木桁架屋蓋和樓蓋體系中,存在一些特殊位置的木桁架,該類桁架除受到上部均布荷載外,還同時承擔與其搭接的木桁架傳遞的集中荷載,其受力較為復雜,普通單榀木桁架難以滿足實際要求[3]。此外,隨著大型公共木結構和大跨度結構的發展,一些大跨、懸挑結構中也需要具有更大承載能力的木桁架[4]。實際工程中,提高木桁架承載能力的方案有:采用大截面規格材加工木桁架;將多個相同結構的單榀木桁架通過連接件組合形成多榀木桁架(girder truss)。《輕型木桁架技術規范》(JGJ/T 265—2012)[5]中僅對采用釘連接的多榀木桁架作了釘行數和間距的要求,且釘連接具有易銹蝕,不美觀等缺點,而木質連接件在這方面有較大的優勢[6-7]。
木桁架是建筑中重要的結構構件,其承載能力關乎整體結構的安全性能。許曉梁等[8]通過多組試驗研究了輕型三角形木桁架的荷載變形關系及可能的破壞形式。況宜[9]采用應變花觀測輕型三角形木桁架齒板的應力變化,分析了齒板連接節點的受力性能。闕澤利等[10]結合多榀木桁架的連接節點性能、承載性能與破壞機理等系統地分析了多榀木桁架的研究現狀和發展趨勢。目前,對組合型輕型平行弦木桁架的試驗研究鮮有報道,筆者采用木銷連接制備一種多榀木桁架,并與構成多榀中的單榀木桁架、與多榀等厚的單榀木桁架形成對照,深入研究該多榀木桁架的承載能力、抗變形能力以及破壞機理,探究木桁架承載能力的主要影響因素。