善變的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

賀霞

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由“with/without+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作with/without的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，with后面的賓語(yǔ)與其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成

1.with/without+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞

She sleeps with the window open.

她愛開著窗戶睡覺。

The children were making a snowman，with theirhands red and cold.

孩子們正在堆雪人，手又紅又冰。

2.with/without+賓語(yǔ)+副詞

The boy stood there with his head down.

男孩兒低垂著頭站在那兒。

3.with/without+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)

Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.

站著的時(shí)候別把雙手插在口袋里。

The farmer went to the field with a spade on hisshoulder.

農(nóng)民肩上扛著鐵鍬，往田里去。

4.with/without+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

①with/without+名詞，代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)，不定式表示動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生。

Witha lot of work to do， he wasn't allowed to go out.

還有許多工作沒完成，他不被允許出門。

With no one to talk to， John felt upset.

由于沒有可以說(shuō)話的人，約翰感到很焦慮。

He was left alone. with no one to look after him.

他被單獨(dú)留下，無(wú)人照顧。

②with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系。

The king came in，with all his servants foUowingafter him.

國(guó)王進(jìn)來(lái)了，后面跟著全體仆役。

With the boy leading him the way， the old man hadno trouble finding his old friend's house.

由于小男孩給他引路，這位老人毫不費(fèi)力地找到了他老朋友的家。

She felt nervous with the whole class staring at her.

全班同學(xué)都盯著她，她覺得很緊張。

The party was organized without her knowing any-thing about it.

聚會(huì)已操辦妥當(dāng)，她卻一無(wú)所知。

③with+名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞，此時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

There had been a riot with twenty inj ured.

曾經(jīng)發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)有20人受傷的暴亂。

The murder was brought in， with his hands tied be-hind his back.

謀殺犯被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，雙手被銬在背后。

She had to walk home with her bike stolen.

她的自行車被偷了，只能走路回家。

5.with/without+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

He wondered if he could slide out of the lecturehall without anyone noticing him.

他想知道自己能不能溜出報(bào)告廳而不被人注意到。

6.with+賓語(yǔ)+名詞

He cut the paper with a ruler his knife.

他用尺子當(dāng)?shù)叮瞄_了紙。

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能

1.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)

①表示伴隨情況

The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.

這個(gè)男孩總是頭枕著手臂睡覺。

The old couple often take a walk after supper in thepark with their pet dog____（follow） them.

解析：with后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，pet dog和follow之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用following。句意：這對(duì)老夫妻經(jīng)常晚飯后去公園散步，他們的狗跟在后面。

He lied on the chair，with a newspaper____（ cover） his face.

解析：with后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，newspaper和cover之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用cover-ing。句意：他仰躺在椅子上，用報(bào)紙蓋著臉。

He was taken to hospital，with his leg____（bleed）.

解析：with后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，leg和bleed之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用bleeding。句意：他腿上流著血，被送去了醫(yī)院。

②表示原因

With the weather changed，we decided to put offthe sports meet.

天氣變了，我們決定推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

With his key lost， he couldn't get into his room.

鑰匙丟了，他進(jìn)不去自己的房間。

With machinery to do all the work， they will soonget in the crops.

有機(jī)械來(lái)完成這些工作，他們將很快收回莊稼。

John received an invitation to dinner， and with hiswork____（finish）， he gladly accepted it.

解析：and連接前后兩個(gè)并列句。在后一個(gè)句子中，with結(jié)構(gòu)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)finish的邏輯主語(yǔ)his work來(lái)說(shuō)，是“被完成”，而且不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去分詞finished表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。句意：約翰收到了一個(gè)晚餐的邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)完成了所有的工作，他很高興地接受了。

I couldn't do my homework with all that noise____（go）on.

解析：此處是“with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，noise和go構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，填going。句意：有那噪聲吵個(gè)不停，我沒辦法做我的作業(yè)。

_______two exams to worry about，l have to workreally hard this weekend.

解析：從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)看，空格后是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，又這里必須填介詞，故填With。句意：要擔(dān)心兩個(gè)考試，這個(gè)周末我不得不刻苦一點(diǎn)。

③表示時(shí)間

The children began to watch TV with the homeworkdone.

做完作業(yè)后，兩個(gè)孩子開始看電視。

With spring coming on， trees turn green.

春天來(lái)了，樹變綠了。

④表示條件

I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.

時(shí)間允許的話，我想看場(chǎng)新電影。

We will have an outing tomorrow with weather fine.

明天如果天氣好，我們會(huì)外出。

⑤表示結(jié)果

They have finished the peace talks with the agree-ments reached.

他們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，完成了和平對(duì)話。

2.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)

The wounded soldier with an old man leading theway got to the hospital very soon.

有老人帶路的受傷士兵很快到達(dá)了醫(yī)院。

（責(zé)任編校/周丹）