高考英語專題完形填空解題技巧指導

馬廣謀

完型填空試題主要特點

高考完型填空通常從一篇250詞左右，夾敘夾議的文章中設空20個，首句不挖空.沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟：很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結構。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質量和效率。

正確的完形填空的解題步驟

細讀首句，跳過空格，通讀全文， 把握大意.結合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案.瞻前顧后，先易后難， 個個擊破.再讀全文，反復檢查.

細讀文章的第一句話：

高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Sentence），這就為我們理解文章的內在聯系提供了一個“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。

充分重視首句的標示作用，利用它為解題找到一個突破口，據此展開思維，爭取開局勝利。

對于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點明故事發生的人物（who），時間（when），地點（where），和事件（what）等背景情況。例：

It was a busy morning，about 8：30，when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .

對于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：

A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed， read and 21 .

結合選項

高考完形填空考什么？考詞匯題，句際關系；篇章結構（語境） .

詞匯題：

1.復現

I had some 28 in my pocker， but I would not give them to him， thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.

28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs

2.詞語的習慣用法和固定搭配

The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area， 37（telling） him it would be at least 40 minutes 38（before） someone would be able to see him .

36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break

語境-固定搭配：C

3.根據詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義

The happiest people dont 53（necessarily ） have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have .

54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try

語境-詞義辨析B

4.根據生活常識及文化背景知識進行選擇

Born in America ， I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face ， but I pushed them 37 （aside ） ， ……

36. A. Customer B. games C .characters D. language

常識、背景知識C

句際關系：1.語法手段.2.邏輯手段

1.語法手段

I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking.

33. A. it B. all C. him D. them

語法-指代：C

As a policeman，I saw 27 there was violence， drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28（impact） on the kids. ”

27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether

語法-句型：A.賓語從句

2.邏輯手段

Bean is a white dog， quite handsome and very 38 .

38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy

語境-同類并列關系：A

Then she looked at my father and replied，“You are 40（wrong）.

This is not the worst boy at all， 41

the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.”

41. A.but B.so C.and D.or

語境-轉折關系、搭配：A

總之完型填空考查內容為：語篇信息（語境理解），其中包括：詞匯手段；語法手段；邏輯手段.解題過程中應做到：注意上下文語境（context）；了解常識背景（common sense）；掌握習慣搭配（phrases & idioms）；運用詞義辨析 （comparison）；運用語法分析（grammar analysis）；運用邏輯分析 （logical analysis ）；運用排除法 （exclusive method ）.

（作者單位：陜西省咸陽市百靈學校）