奩院，北京，中國

建筑設計：周兆前，劉奕秋

Architects: ZHOU Zhaoqian, LIU Yiqiu

1 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

2 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

3 改造后內景/Interior views after renovation

4 改造后內景/Interior views after renovation

5 改造后內景/Interior views after renovation

6 改造后內景/Interior views after renovation

奩院位于北京市白塔寺片區青塔胡同39號，布局簡單方正，一宅一院。改造前兩處違章搭建侵占了原有的大部分院落，整體環境逼仄局促。這展現了胡同中的一種建設常態——居民們需要更多的生活空間，進而自發地在院落中加建房屋以滿足需求。然而現狀院落中的違章搭建雖滿足了自下而上的生活需求，卻與自上而下的風貌管控之間產生了矛盾。白塔寺片區的保護規劃要求后續改造不能改變原有建筑的產權面積與整體形態，容積率、屋脊與檐口高度等都須保持不變。

院落之小、控規之嚴起初為設計帶來了諸多限制，但也在后續過程中成為了促進設計發展的主要動因?！皧Y”，是古代漢族女子存放梳妝用品的鏡箱，形小而用足。本方案以此為概念，在保留形態格局，容積率不變的前提下，在宅院中置入可推拉的灰色“屜式空間”，以整體組織宅與院原本對立的黑白空間關系，自由增減使用面積，在局促用地中也可滿足不同的使用需求。改造后的奩院共有兩個開間，西側開間與推拉模塊相結合，形成了一個可調整大小的整體工作空間。東側開間則容納了集衛浴、臥室、櫥柜功能為一體的生活模塊，保證了舒適私密的現代生活品質。

北京老城區中有著許多這樣的小院兒，它們并沒有典型的四合院那般規整，卻是百姓生活的空間載體，是形成老城肌理必不可缺的基礎細胞。奩院的探索希望為未來老城的基本面更新提供一種創新的可能性。推拉模塊與生活模塊在老城院落中可被簡單有機地置入，居民可根據自身需求，自下而上地參與保護與改造，并通過院落單體更新以點帶面地帶動胡同的復興。為了便于推廣，項目并沒有使用昂貴的材料與高難度的構造做法，未來也可考慮通過預制裝配的形式，更高效方便地規?；K的生產。奩院是基于合院建筑空間保護與功能使用彈性的一次研究探索，期望它可為面臨同樣問題的中國其他老城區域改造提供一個可復制、可持續、且較為普適的解決方案。

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Loction: 青塔胡同39號/No.39 Qingta Hutong

業主/Client: 北京華融金盈投資發展有限公司/Beijing Huarong Jinying Investment Development Co., Ltd.

施工圖合作單位/Construction Drawing Collaborator: 中科院建筑設計研究院有限公司/Institute of Architecture Design and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ADCAS)基地面積/Site Area: 68.67m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 33m2（原有產權面積/Original property area），改造后最大使用面積/Maximum usable area after renovation: 51.3m2（33m2原有產權面積+10.3m2推拉模塊展開面積 + 8m2生活模塊二層面積/Original property area of 33m2+ extensive area of push-pull module of 10.3m2+ area of two-layers of living module of 8m2）

攝影/Photos: 改造前/Photos Before Renovation: 北京華融金盈投資發展有限公司/Beijing Huarong Jinying Investment Development Co., Ltd. 改造后/Photos After Renovation: 周兆前/ZHOU Zhaoqian

7 示意圖/Diagrams

8 示意圖/Diagrams

9 改造前平面/Floor plan before renovation

10 改造后首層平面/Ground floor plan after renovation

11 改造后首層平面，推拉模塊展開/Ground floor plan with push and pull modules expanded, after renovation

12 夾層臥室平面/Loft plan after renovation

13 改造后剖面/Sections after renovation

14 改造后剖面/Sections after renovation

15 院落改造前內景/Interior views before renovation

16 院落改造前內景/Interior views before renovation

17 改造前開裂木作/Cracked wood work before renovation

Drawer Courtyard is located at No.39 Qingta Hutong in the Baitasi area in Beijing. It has a simple and square layout with one house and one courtyard.In the original condition before renovation, two illegal-built houses occupied most part of the courtyard and made the overall environment very cramped. It presents a common situation in Hutong,that residents spontaneously build additional houses in the courtyard as they need more living room. However, although the illegal constructions in the courtyard meet the residents' temporary living requirements, contradiction occurs between them and the relevant planning authority who responsible for urban pro file control. The preservation planning of Baitasi area requires that the property right area and overall pattern of the original buildings shall not be changed upon subsequent renovation, and that the volume ratio and the height of roof and eaves also shall remain unchanged.

The courtyard's smallness and the planning regulations' strictness initially brought many restrictions to this project, but lately became the main sources to inspire the design scheme. Lian is a mirror box used by ancient Han women to store toiletries. It is small but quite useful. On the premise of retaining the shape pattern and keeping the volume ratio unchanged, the scheme takes"Drawer Courtyard" as the concept of design. By inserting space like drawer that can be pushed and pulled in the building, the user could increase and decrease the interior space flexibly. It could also help to organise the relationship between "courtyard"and"house", even in a narrow space like the given courtyard, this project could achieve the goal of diversified uses.The renovated courtyard house is divided into two bays. The west bay is integrated with the push-and-pull module to form the overall workspace in an adjustable size, while the east one accommodates a life module which combines the functions of bathroom, bedroom and cabinet to ensure comfort and privacy of modern life.

There are many such courtyards in the historic urban districts of Beijing. Those courtyards are not regular and important examples of the typical quadrangle, but they work as spatial carriers of the Beijingers' traditional living. They could be regarded as the essential cells to form the texture of the old city. We expect that the exploration of Drawer Courtyard can provide some new possibilities in the renewal of the old Beijing urban area in the future. The push-and-pull module and living module can be simply and organically arranged into the courtyard house. Residents can participate in the bottom-up protection and renovation according to their own needs, and eventually contribute to the revival of whole Hutong area via the renewal of the single unit - the courtyard.For the sake of promotion, the project did not employ expensive materials and sophisticated construction procedures. In the future, assembly of prefabricated components can also be considered as a more efficient and convenient way to scale the module production. Drawer Courtyard is a new research and exploration based on space protection and function use flexibility of courtyard buildings.It is expected to provide a replicable, sustainable and practical solution for other old urban areas in China, as they are facing the similar problems in renewal.

18 立面/Fa?ade

19 周邊環境/Surrounding

評論

范路：在奩院改造項目中，可電動伸縮的“屜式”空間是設計亮點。它讓傳統小院維持容積率，保留形態格局，并可以自由地增減室內使用面積。這種機械化的“灰空間”也是“宅”與“院”相互“博弈”的焦點。其背后的主導力量是生活模式和空間效率，也是庭院風景和四季氣候的變化。當然，易增難減的室內家具和生活中常有的惰性，則是可變建筑元素的“敵人”。

Comments

FAN Lu: In the renovation project of Drawer Courtyard,the design features a flexible volume in the courtyard. The newly built electric-driven volume is made up of steel and glass and could extend into the courtyard and retract back into the original house. It is the con flict focus of interior and exterior spaces and the good and bad weathers. While at times, the added furniture and inert lifestyle could bring some trouble to this restless "drawer type" volume.

思唯雅·蘭泰里：在胡同更新的過程中，建筑師有兩種截然相反的立場：一些建筑師試圖通過使其致密化來改造該區域，而另一些建筑師則通過減少體量來恢復過去的圖底關系之間的平衡。本項目正屬于后者。它從拆除占據了原有大半院落的兩間違建房屋開始，置入一個必要且適應性強的生活模塊，該模塊由基本要素構成，還可以由住戶根據需求調整。如此形成了一個非常內向的空間，從外部看，它既與環境保持著連續性又并未與之有任何特定的互動關系。（龐凌波 譯）

Silvia Lanteri: Inside the hutongs regeneration processes, architects take two opposite positions: some of them try to transform the area by densifying it,some reduce the volume to restore the ancient balance between built and voids. This project is part of this second category: it starts from taking out two informal houses occupying most part of the original courtyard,and put an essential and adaptable basic cell, made of elements that can be modified by the residents.A very introverted space, from the outside it is in continuity with the context but without any particular interactions with it.