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罌粟科綠絨蒿屬三新種

2019-09-10 07:22:44王文采
廣西植物 2019年1期

王文采

摘 要: ??該文描述了罌粟科綠絨蒿屬三新種。(1)自四川西北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的二新種:肋蕊綠絨蒿,此種可能與拉薩綠絨蒿近緣,區(qū)別特征為此種葉片較狹,全緣,子房具4條縱肋;狹瓣綠絨蒿,此種可能與川西綠絨蒿近緣,區(qū)別特征為此種葉片較小,無毛,花瓣呈條狀倒披針形。(2)自青海南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的一新種:短絲綠絨蒿,此種可能隸屬于琴葉綠絨蒿亞屬、滇西綠絨蒿組、滇西綠絨蒿系,與此系其他種的區(qū)別在于此種的披針狀條形花瓣和較少、較短的雄蕊(花絲長1~5 mm)以及無花柱的雌蕊和被具短毛的硬毛子房。

關(guān)鍵詞: ?罌粟科, 綠絨蒿屬, 新種, 四川, 青海

中圖分類號: Q949

文獻標(biāo)識碼: ???A

文章編號: ??1000-3142(2019)01-0001-06

Three new species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae)

WANG Wen-tsai

( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China )

Abstract: ??Three new species of the genus Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) from China are described in this paper. (1) Two species are described as new from northwest Sichuan Province, China. Of them M. pleurogyna is probably related to M. lhasaensis Grey-wilson, differing in its narrower, entire leaf blades and longitudinally 4-ribbed ovary; M. angustipetala is probably related to M. henrici Bur. & Franch., differing in its smaller, glabrous leaf blades, and peculiar linear-oblanceolate petals. (2) One species M. brachynema, is described as new from southern Qinghai Province, China. It probably belongs to subgen. Cunmminsia, sect. Impeditae, ser. Impeditae, and from the other species of ser. Impeditae differs in its lanceolate-linear petals, fewer and shorter stamens (with filaments only 1-5 mm long), non-styled pistil, and ovary with stiff, barbellate hairs.

Key words: ?Papaveraceae, Meconopsis, new species, Sichuan, Qinghai

自2015年12月初起我開始鑒定一批綠絨蒿屬未定名的標(biāo)本,這時我從植物研究所圖書館借到剛購入的一本由英國植物學(xué)家Grey-Wilson于2014年編寫出版的綠絨蒿屬專著(Grey-Wilson,2014)。此書收載綠絨蒿屬植物79種,將其等劃分為4亞屬、10組、13系,制定出此屬的一新分類系統(tǒng)。同時,我在此書中將原置于綠絨蒿屬特產(chǎn)我國的Meconopsis chelidonifolia Bur. & Franch. 和M. oliveriana Franch. Ex Prain二種從此屬轉(zhuǎn)移到另一屬Cathacartia Hook. f. ex Hook.中。此書收載了我國此屬植物58種,比2008年出版的Flora of China(Zhang & Grey-Wilson,2008)中的綠絨蒿屬志(收載43種)增加了15種。我在鑒定工作過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了采自四川西北部此屬植物的2號標(biāo)本代表了2個新種;自青海南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的罌粟科綠絨蒿屬1個新種?,F(xiàn)在本文中予以發(fā)表。

肋蕊綠絨蒿 ?圖1

Meconopsis pleurogyna ?W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1

[Subgen. Cumminsia (Prain) Grey-Wilson ?sect. Racemosae C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang].

Ob scapos et sepala setis tenuibus potius debilibus obtecta, flores vadoce crateriformes 5-7-petalatos et staminum ?filamenta filiformia species nova haec est fortasse affinis Meconopsis lhasaensi Grey-Wilson, a qua foliorum laminis angustioribus anguste oblongis vel anguste ?ovatis margine indivisis nec undulatis nec crispatis, floribus omnibus singulariter scaposis haud in racemos dispositis, petalis saturate caeruleo-purprueis, ?ovariis conspicue longitudinaliterque 4-costatis plerumque ?glabris raro sparse setulosis praeclare differt. In M. lhasaensi, foliorum laminae latiores longe ellipticae margine undulatae et crispatae interdum lobulatae, ?flores in racemos dispositi et singularter scaposi, petala dilute caerulea, et ovaria dense setulosa haud longitudinaliterque costata sunt.

Small monocarpic herbs. Taproots dauciform, ca.12 cm long, near apex 0.6-1 cm in diam. Leaves 9-12, all basal; blades membranous or thin-papery, narrow-oblong, narrow-ovate, or spatulate, 1.8-4.2 × 0.7-1.2 cm, 3-nerved, apex slightly obtuse or slightly acute, base attenuate into short or long linear petioles, margin entire; surfaces adaxially near margin densely appressed-hispid, abaxially sparsely appressed-hispid, or subglabrous; petioles flattened, 1-3 cm long, glabrous or subglabrous. Scapes 2-9, 7-14 cm tall, 1.2-2.5 ?mm in diam., on apex 1-flowered, from base to apex covered with dense, rtetrorse, yellowish, thin and rather weak bristles 1-3 mm long. Flowers solitary and terminal on scapes, lateral-facing, shallowly bowl-shaped, 4-5 cm in diam. Flower buds subglobose ca. 1 cm in diam., near apex and base with bristles 0.8-2 mm long. Sepal caduceus unknown.Petals 5-7, deep-blue-purple (from the collector), narrow-obovate, 1.8-2.4 × 0.9-1.5 cm, glabrous, apex rounded, entire or few-lobulate. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments purple, filiform, 5-9 mm long; anthers yellowish, broadly oblong or subquadrate, 1-1.5 mm long. Pistil slightly shorter than stamens; ovary compressed, whitish, oblong-ovate, 4.5-6 × 2.5-3 mm, conspicuously longitudindally 4-ribbed, glabrous, rarely with a few short bristles 0.4-2 mm long; style 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous; stigma 1.5 mm long, with 4 dark-brown lobes.

四川( Sichuan ): ?馬爾康縣 ,夢筆山(Maerkang Xian, Mengbi Shan),alt. 4 150 m,稀疏灌叢草甸;草本,花冠藍紫色,花瓣頂端淺裂(on alpine meadow with sparse bushes;herbs,with blue-purple corollas and petals irregularly lobulate at apex),1983-06-29,湯宗孝(Z. X. Tang) 1201( holotype ?and isotypes, PE)。

本種的花葶和萼片均被纖細、頗弱的刺毛,花淺碗狀,具5~7枚花瓣,雄蕊花絲絲形,因此與也具上述形態(tài)特征的拉薩綠絨蒿(Meconopsis lhasaensis Grey-Wilson)相似,可能有相近親緣關(guān)系。與后者的區(qū)別:本種葉片較狹,呈狹長圓形或狹卵形,邊緣不分裂,不呈波狀和皺波狀,所有花均單生花葶頂端,不組成總狀花序,花瓣深藍紫色,子房具明顯4條縱肋,無毛,稀具少數(shù)短刺毛。而拉薩綠絨蒿葉片較寬,呈長橢圓形,邊緣波狀和皺波狀,有時具小裂 片,花組成總狀花序,同時單生花葶頂端,花瓣淡藍色,子房密被短刺毛,不具縱肋(Grey-Wilson,2014)。

狹瓣綠絨蒿 ?圖2

Meconopsis angustipetala ?W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2

[Subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson sect. Impeditae Grey-Wilson ser. Hernicanae C. Y. Wu & H.Chuang].

Ob foliorum laminas lanceolatas margine integras, flores omnes singulariter scaposos, staminum filamenta supra filiformia inferne linearia species nova haec est fortasse affinis Meconopsis henrici Bur. & Franch., a qua foliorum laminis minoribus usque ad 3.8 cm longis et 7 mm latis glabris, petalis peculiaribus in forma intra generem Meconopsem lineari-oblanceolatis tantum 5-8 mm latis statim distinguitur. In M. henrici, foliorum laminae majores usque ad 14.5 cm longae et 2.3 cm latae utrinque setosae, et petala ovata vel obovata ?1.4-2.6 cm lata sunt.

Small nonocarpic herb. Root subterete (?), at apex ca. 4 mm in diam. Leaves ca. 10, all basal, glabrous; blades papery, lanceolate-linear or lanceolate, rarely narrow-ovate, 1.8-3.8 × 0.5-0.7 cm, apex slightly obtuse, ?base attenuate into linear petiole, margin entire; petioles flattened, linear, 3.4-4 × 0.1-0.2 mm. Scapes ca. 4 per plant, up to 12 cm tall in flower, to 19 cm tall in fruit, near base 1.5-3 mm in diam., above sparsely hirsute (hairs 1-2.5 mm long), below glabrous, on apex 1-flowered. Flower slightly pendulous, ca. 4.2 cm in diam. Sepals 2, broadly elliptic, ca. 1.8 cm long, abaxially very sparsely appressed-hispid (hairs ca. 0.5 mm long). Petals 6, when drying dark-blue, linear-oblanceolate, 2.1-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm, glabrous, apex truncate-rounded. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments 8-11 mm long, above the middle deep blue, filiform, below the middle whitish, narrow-linear and longitudinally 1-nerved; anthers yellowish, broadly oblong, 1-1.2 mm long. Pistil as long as stamens; ovary ovoid, ca. 5 × 3.5 mm, sparsely appressed-fulvous-hirsute (hairs 1-2 mm long); style 5 mm long, glabrous; stigma broadly ovoid, ca. 2-2 mm.

四川( Sichuan ): ?康定縣 ,沙德鄉(xiāng),貢嘎寺后山(Kangding Xian,Shade Xiang, in the mountain behind Gongga Temple),alt. 4 700 m,1982-07-31,collector unknown,PE no. 1306833 ( holotype , PE)。

本種的葉片披針形,邊緣全緣,花全部單生花葶上,雄蕊花絲上部呈絲形,下部呈條形,因此可能與也具上述形態(tài)特征的川西綠絨蒿(Meconopsis henrici Bur. & Franch.)有親緣關(guān)系,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片較小,長3.8 cm,寬7 mm,無毛,花瓣的形狀在綠絨蒿屬中較獨特,呈條狀倒披針形,寬5~8 mm。在川西綠絨蒿,葉片較大,長14.5 cm,寬2.3 cm,在兩面均被刺毛,花瓣呈卵形或倒卵形,寬1.4~2.6 cm(Grey-Wilson,2014)。

短絲綠絨蒿 ?圖3

Meconopsis brachynema ?W.T.Wang,sp.nov. Fig. 3.

[Subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson sect. Impeditae Grey-wilson ser. Impeditae].

Ob plantas monocarpicas, folia omnia basalia pilis simplicibus haud barbellatis tecta, foliorum rosulas parvas non sempervirentes, flores solitarios e apicibus scaporum basalium pilis simplicibus haud barbellatis ?tectorum nascentes, et staminum filamenta linearia

species nova haec ad subgen. Commisiam, sect. Ipeditas, ?ser. Impeditas pertinet. In ser. Impeditis, ea ?petalis lanceolato-linearibus 4-7 mm latis, staminibus paucioribus minoribus, filamentis multum brevioribus 1- 5 mm tantum longis, pistillo stylo carente, et ovario pilis rigidis barbellatis tecto valde insignis est, et cum his characteribus a speciebus ceteris ser. Impeditarum praeclare differt. In speciebus ceteris hujus seriei, petala obovata, ovata, suborbicularia vel elliptica 1.2-3.6 cm lata, ?stamina numerosa pistillo longiora vel eo aequilonga, filamenta 4-10 mm longa, pistillum stylo praeditum, et ovarium setis haud barbellatis tectum est.

Small monocarpic herb. Root unseen. Leaves numerous, all basal; blades thinly papery, narrow-ovate, narrow-obovate or oblanceolate, 1.5-3.5 × 0.8-1 cm, apex acute, base attenuate into linear petiole, margin entire; surfaces adaxially and abaxially densely appressed- hirsute,? with hairs simple,? whitish,? 2-4 mm long; midrib adaxially flat, abaxially prominent; petioles flattened, linear,? 1.5-3.5 cm long, below braodened, adaxially and abaxially appressed-hirsute. Scape solitary, ca. 19 cm tall,? 2 mm in diam., densely and retrorsely hirsute, with hairs simple,? yellowith, 2-4.5 mm long. Flower solitary and terminal on scape apex, upwards ?facing, ca. 8 cm in diam. Sepals caducous, unseen. Petals 5, red-purple (according to the field notes of holotype), thinly membranous, lanceolate-linear, at base braodened, ca. 5 cm long. at base ca. 7 mm broad, and above the middle 4-7 mm broad, apex truncate-rounded. Stamens ca. 20, 3-7 mm long, glabrous; filaments whitish, linear or oblong, 1-5 mm long; anthers ?oblong, 1.8-2.4 × 0.8-1.1 mm. Pistill slightly longer than the longest stamens; ovary depressed-globose, ca. 6×7 mm, densely appressed-hirsute, with hairs antrorse, yellowith, barbellate, 1.5-2 mm long; style absent; stigma slightly smaller than the ovary, in dried state dark-blue, subglobose, ca. 5.5 mm in diam., smooth, glabrous.

青海( Qinghai ): ?玉樹縣 ,上巴塘,熊羌溝(Yushu Xian, Shangbatang, Xiongqiang Valley), alt. 4 700 ?m, 高山草甸(on alpine meadow),花紅紫色(fls. red-purple), 1964-06-20, 采集人名字不詳(collectors name unknown)116 ( holotype , PE) 。

本種為一次結(jié)果小草本植物,葉多數(shù)全部基生,被無短毛的毛,葉叢小,不常綠,花單生于基生花葶(被無短毛的毛)的頂端,雄蕊花絲條形;根據(jù)這些特征,按照Grey-Wilson的綠絨蒿屬分類系統(tǒng),本種當(dāng)隸屬于琴葉綠絨蒿亞屬、滇西綠絨蒿組、滇西綠絨蒿系[subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson, sect. Impeditae Grey-Wilson, ser. Impeditae ]。在ser. Impeditae中的本種與此系的其他種的區(qū)別在于本種的花瓣呈披針狀條形、寬4~7 mm,雄蕊數(shù)目較少(約20),花絲較短小、長1~5 mm,雌蕊無花柱,子房被具短毛的硬毛(barbellate hairs)。在ser. Impeditae中的其他種,花瓣呈倒卵形、卵形、近圓形或橢圓形,寬1.2~3.6 cm, 雄蕊比雌蕊長或等長,花絲長4~10 mm,雌蕊具花柱,子房被無短毛的剛毛(bristles ) (Grey-Wilson, 2014)。

在2016年3月期間,當(dāng)我在PE觀察綠絨蒿屬已定名標(biāo)本的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)本種的holotype在1977年被誤定為Meconopsis napaulensis DC., 根據(jù)Grey-Wilson于2014年所編寫出版的綠絨蒿屬專著,M. napaulensis 為尼泊爾特產(chǎn),在中國不產(chǎn),其葉基生并莖生,羽狀全裂或羽狀深裂,與莖均被具短毛的硬毛,花組成圓錐花序,每朵花具4片黃色呈倒卵形的花瓣,與本種大不相同。

致謝 ?深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖。

參考文獻:

GR EY-WILSON C,? 2014. The genus Meconopsis-Blue poppies and their relatives[M]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.

ZHANG ML, GREY-WILSON C,? 2008. Meconopsis Vig [M]//WU ZY,RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 7: 262- 278.

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