李躍森 何炎森 鞠玉棟 吳水金



摘 要:為篩選出適宜漳州地區(qū)種植的香蕉品種,2017年引進(jìn)香蕉品種紅頭粉進(jìn)行試種。結(jié)果表明:紅頭粉香蕉品種具有生長(zhǎng)迅速、果實(shí)飽滿、可食率高、香甜可口、顏色美觀、品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的特點(diǎn),一般單株產(chǎn)量為32.3 kg,平均每667 m2產(chǎn)量3230 kg,略高于廣粉1號(hào),是粉雜1號(hào)2倍以上。香蕉優(yōu)異種質(zhì)紅頭粉和2個(gè)對(duì)照廣粉1號(hào)、粉雜1號(hào)高抗香蕉黑星病、束頂病和花葉心腐病;紅頭粉枯萎病發(fā)病率為12.6%,高于粉雜1號(hào)(2.5%),低于廣粉1號(hào)(48.9%),表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗枯萎病能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:香蕉;紅頭粉;引種;漳州地區(qū)
中圖分類號(hào):S668.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):0253-2301(2019)09-013
Abstract: In order to select the suitable banana varieties to be planted in Zhangzhou Area, Hongtoufen, a variety of banana was introduced in 2017 for trial planting. The results showed that the variety had the characteristics of rapid growth, full fruit, high edible rate, sweet and delicious taste, beautiful color and good quality, and the yield per plant was 32.3 kg in general, with an average yield of 3 230 kg per 667 m2, slightly higher than that of Guangfen No.1 and over twice as much as that of Fenza No.1. The excellent germplasm Hongtoufenr and the two control groups of Guangfen No.1 and Fenza No.1 had high resistance to banana scab, bunchy top disease and cucumber mosaic virus. The blight incidence of Hongtoufen was 12.6%, which was higher than that of Fenza No.1 (2.5%) and lower than that of Guangfen No.1 (48.9%), showing strong resistance to blight.
Key words: Banana; Hongtoufen; Introduction; Zhangzhou area
漳州市是福建省主要的香蕉產(chǎn)區(qū),香蕉種植面積占全省86%,產(chǎn)量達(dá)90%以上[1-2]。漳州市地處熱帶亞熱帶過渡帶,冬季寒潮一定程度限制香蕉生產(chǎn),粉蕉較香牙蕉具有較強(qiáng)抗寒性[3-4],種植效益佳,深受漳州蕉農(nóng)的青睞。漳州粉蕉主栽品種為廣粉1號(hào)和粉雜1號(hào)2個(gè)品種,廣粉1號(hào)栽培歷史悠久,易感香蕉枯萎病,漳州市部分香蕉園發(fā)病率可達(dá)80%以上[5-6],目前只有少量零星種植。近些年從廣東引進(jìn)并大面積推廣的粉雜1號(hào)表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗枯萎病能力[7],除重病區(qū)外均可栽培,發(fā)病率一般低于20%,但是由于產(chǎn)量較低,種植經(jīng)濟(jì)效益不顯著。由于粉蕉難以通過傳統(tǒng)雜交育種方式獲得優(yōu)良性狀的新品種[8-9],因此,異地引進(jìn)新品種進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性試種,并在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行示范推廣,顯得尤為重要。
香蕉品種紅頭粉屬于廣粉類型,是廣粉1號(hào)突變產(chǎn)生的株系,假莖基部呈現(xiàn)紅色因而有紅頭粉的稱謂,目前廣東、廣西和云南的許多種植戶都嘗試了紅頭粉的種植。……