瑞安大沙堤俞氏：書香門第 清白為人

● 蔡玲玲

今天的俞家后人總結(jié)出最新的“10字”家風(fēng)

家風(fēng)家訓(xùn)是一種中國傳統(tǒng)的正能量，這種正能量如何延續(xù)？從瑞安大沙堤俞氏家族，我們或許可以窺見其中的傳承印跡。

瑞安作為千年古縣，素稱“東南小鄒魯”，其文脈綿長，名人輩出，底蘊深厚。

瑞安市區(qū)道院前街與小沙巷一帶，清朝年間，居住著“瑞安四大家族”中的兩大家族，那就是一代大儒孫詒讓與其父孫衣言、其叔孫鏘鳴的孫氏家族，黃體芳、黃紹箕、黃紹第等“五黃先生”的黃氏家族。而在兩大家族宅院的中間，一條名叫大沙堤的巷子里，也曾飄出一縷書香，歷經(jīng)五代人的釀造，彌漫了一百多年。這就是俞氏家族。

俞家從紹興遷瑞后，從第七代俞黼［fǔ］唐至今，歷年著述達49種，共計8562萬字。而貫穿于這些文字之間的，是他們輩輩相傳、代代恪守的“讀書、慎行、清白、敬業(yè)、勤儉”這十字家風(fēng)。近日，俞家后裔歷時兩年半時間編著的《瑞安大沙堤俞氏家風(fēng)》一書出版發(fā)行，這延續(xù)了百多年的家風(fēng)至此落地生根，繼續(xù)影響著年輕一代。

收藏于溫州市圖書館的俞黼唐著作。This is a page of the contents of writings by Yu Futang. The book is now housed at Wenzhou Library.

俞春如選拔貢卷。This examination paper was especially designed and printed for Yu Chunru in a national entrance test for the Imperial College. The imperial test took place every 12 years.

1966年和2016年的俞家合影。The black and white photo of the Yu family in Rui'an was taken in celebration of the Spring Festival in 1966; the color one, taken during the Spring Festival in 2016, shows the four generations of the Yu family in Rui'an.

第一代 讀書著述創(chuàng)家訓(xùn)

俞黼唐（名君堯）是大沙堤俞氏家風(fēng)的開創(chuàng)者。他生于清朝咸豐元年（1851年），從小就志向遠大，常常在勞作之余，手捧一本書，向教書的父親請教。他對于讀書的熱愛，曾用“繼晷焚膏忘晝夜”“日西追月到黃昏”來形容；又把讀書視為墾種，樂在其中。他希望子孫能傳承下去，在《自詠》中說：“兒孫休負我，也將經(jīng)訓(xùn)作菑畬”。

俞黼唐24歲進入瑞安縣學(xué)補學(xué)官弟子，54歲成為縣學(xué)學(xué)官，一生設(shè)館，授徒為業(yè)。著名金文學(xué)家、《金文大字典》編纂者戴家祥便是他的學(xué)生。年過半百之后，他寫出了《周易講義》《禹貢說要》《河間存古翼圣編》《河間詩存》等，這些著述現(xiàn)收藏在溫州市圖書館古籍部。

《河間詩存》是溯源俞氏家風(fēng)的一個窗口。這本詩集里，俞黼唐通過《讀書》《勤學(xué)慎行》《明道自任》《卜居》等詩，表達自己平生“勤學(xué)、慎行、清白”的人生宗旨。

第二代 慎行清白承文脈

俞黼唐的兒子俞春如（名煦甡）不負父望。他幼承庭訓(xùn)，先后求學(xué)于池仲霖、周宗翰。宣統(tǒng)元年（1909年）拔貢，獲省試第三名。他是身體力行、發(fā)揚光大俞氏家風(fēng)的關(guān)鍵人物。

俞春如一生淡泊名利、安貧樂道。他年輕時在家鄉(xiāng)開辦了私塾，授業(yè)為生。當(dāng)時，俞春如正值青年，兩子尚幼，家庭經(jīng)濟常捉襟見肘，但他仍堅守清白家風(fēng)，不趨附，不羨榮華富貴。正如《行狀》中所說：“境雖清貧，始終不作寒乞之態(tài)。持身勤樸，布衣蔬食，處之晏然。”他喜歡看書，家中沒錢去買那么多的書，便向朋友借，摘其要點，孜孜不倦，夜以繼暑。

后來俞春如任瑞安中學(xué)國文老師。瑞安革命先驅(qū)林去病、鄭馨等均是他的學(xué)生。1937年，俞春如受聘參與《瑞安縣志》的編撰。對于所承擔(dān)的部分，俞春如多方搜羅，不遺余力，直至縣志稿印行后，仍搜集補正。現(xiàn)遺存瑞安玉海樓的民國縣志稿中，尚有他的眉注手跡50余處計數(shù)千字。

晚年的俞春如轉(zhuǎn)向了文史研究，1953年被聘為浙江省文史館首批館員，協(xié)助縣文館會將搜羅到的私家圖書1萬余冊，進行翻曬、整理、分類、編目，為地方積聚了大批文獻。俞春如一生讀書、寫作，學(xué)術(shù)研究范圍涉及經(jīng)、子、史、文、方言和地方文史等，著作有《春廬詩文正續(xù)集》《春廬讀書記》《瑞安地方史料》等共計10余種、100余萬字。

此外，他恪守清白，愛國情深。他以清白、慎行為人生底色，內(nèi)心則洋溢著愛國忠貞之情。其《抗戰(zhàn)歌》沉痛鞭撻，慷慨激昂；《過城市賦》悲喜恨盼，情真意切；《丁卯除夕感懷》愛國憂民，心系草根。

第三代 敬業(yè)勤儉揚家風(fēng)

大沙堤俞氏家風(fēng)有新的發(fā)展，是從俞春如之子俞大文、俞象川開始的。

1967年，俞家第四代俞雄、俞光、俞崇在上海合影。Yu Xiong, Yu Guang, Yu Chong, three descendents of the Yu family in Rui'an,pose for a photo in Shanghai in 1967.

俞大文從小受家庭熏陶，愛好古典文學(xué)，尤精詩詞，為中華詩詞學(xué)會會員，浙江省詩詞學(xué)會會員，溫州市詩詞學(xué)會顧問、榮譽理事。其作品曾先后發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代中國詩詞精選》《全球當(dāng)代詩詞選集》《中華詩詞》等書刊，出版有《憶菊廬吟稿》等詩集，他的傳略被編入《中國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)界名人錄》《當(dāng)代詩詞家大辭典》和《浙江古今人物大辭典》。

俞大文一生執(zhí)教，桃李滿天下。他有詩云：“清白家風(fēng)傳硯田，杏壇三世守青氈”“一領(lǐng)心安貧士氈，應(yīng)仰家風(fēng)典范在”，散發(fā)著俞氏家風(fēng)的清香。俞大文“學(xué)而不厭，誨人不倦”，其行正學(xué)高，敬業(yè)愛崗，受到學(xué)生衷心敬重。

由于家境清貧，俞象川從小被送至瑞安永元錢莊當(dāng)學(xué)徒。1935年初，浙江省地方銀行打算在瑞安籌建辦事處，熟悉金融、辦事干練的俞象川被銀行選中，一起參與籌建后，被聘為辦事處主任。這是瑞安縣歷史上第一個新型的官辦金融企業(yè)，25歲的俞象川成為瑞安地方銀行的創(chuàng)始人，被后稱為近代瑞安金融先驅(qū)。

辦事處成立之初，在資金奇缺的情況下，俞象川利用自己的人脈發(fā)動全縣各界存款，得到積極響應(yīng)。成立次年，辦事處的存款總額達1506萬元。這一年，他作為金融界代表被選為瑞安縣商會理事。

他對工作認真負責(zé)，對業(yè)務(wù)精益求精，為人謙和儉樸，深得同仁敬重。即便他后來離開辦事處，仍受敬重，仍作為金融界代表當(dāng)選瑞安縣商會理事長達10多年。

俞象川在外打拼養(yǎng)家，其妻金孟英則用吃苦耐勞、勤儉持家撐起了整個家庭的半邊天。她總是有條不紊地照料全家九口的衣、食、住、行，補衣納鞋搓麻線、種瓜養(yǎng)雞賣米餅，樣樣順手。她雖然讀書不多，但明大事，睦鄰里。當(dāng)婆婆雙目失明，她悉心照料18年；后來丈夫患上帕金森氏病，她又沒日沒夜地護理了10年，直到丈夫撒手人寰。在那些磨難的歲月里，她的愛和付出給了整個家庭溫柔而堅強的力量。

第四代 筆耕創(chuàng)業(yè)沐墨香

2005年，溫州日報曾發(fā)表《溫籍作者最字榜》，歸納出溫州市年紀(jì)最大的作者、年紀(jì)最輕的作者、出書最多的作者、最有親緣關(guān)系的作者等，其中俞雄、俞海、俞光三兄弟被列為“最有親緣關(guān)系的作者”之一。

他們?nèi)值芡诵莺螅渡砦氖费芯颗c著述。老大俞雄從事文史研究，著有《驕鷗遠影》《孫詒讓傳略》《陳傅良傳略》等；老二俞海原為市文聯(lián)副主席，著有《坐對青山》《心旅》《五月桃花水》《俞海文存》等；老四俞光著有《溫州經(jīng)濟史話》《瑞安經(jīng)濟史》等，《溫州經(jīng)濟史話》獲得了全國優(yōu)秀社會科學(xué)普及作品的榮譽。此外，三兄弟整理出版了《俞春如集》，在報刊發(fā)表記述先輩的文章30來篇。

作為俞象川的下一代，他們努力踐行家風(fēng)。在職時，清白做人、敬業(yè)實干；退休后，發(fā)揮余熱，回歸書齋，從事于文史研究與著述。他們先后出版著作201種，字數(shù)達597萬字，延續(xù)了俞氏的文脈。同時，他們也發(fā)揚了“教師世家”的傳統(tǒng)，老二俞海教過書，老三俞松也曾是教師。而老五俞崇繼承了父親的實干精神，積極投身改革，在省企溫化第一個帶頭承包汽車經(jīng)營，第一個購買私人運貨汽車，后又回單位為經(jīng)理，帶領(lǐng)企業(yè)從汽運業(yè)向倉儲業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變。

第五代 傳承踐行在路上

作為俞象川的孫輩，俞彪主持的省、市實驗項目“讓更多的人受到更好的教育”被《浙江日報》《浙江教育報》報道；俞穎被評為浙江省縣市區(qū)域報“十佳”領(lǐng)軍人物，著有《生命只有一次》（合著）、《羅陽紀(jì)事》；俞帆曾獲“新型連拱隧道結(jié)構(gòu)”“EPS輕質(zhì)路堤”“一種用于治理橋頭跳車的結(jié)構(gòu)”等3項國家專利，其工程設(shè)計獲得省建設(shè)工程優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)秀設(shè)計一等獎。而這些成績的取得，是和家風(fēng)的熏陶分不開的。在傳承踐行的路上，俞家的年輕一輩，不忘祖訓(xùn)，傳承家風(fēng)，在各自的學(xué)習(xí)和工作崗位上默默耕耘、砥礪前行。

晚年俞春如。A photo of Yu Chunru in his evening years

在全民關(guān)注家風(fēng)建設(shè)的大環(huán)境下，如何將家風(fēng)傳承并發(fā)揚光大，成了擺在俞氏后裔面前的一大重要課題。2015年起，俞氏家族的內(nèi)部，展開了一場關(guān)于家風(fēng)的熱烈探討，重溫先輩思想言行，通過學(xué)習(xí)、提煉，總結(jié)了“讀書、慎行、清白、敬業(yè)、勤儉”10字家風(fēng)，并將歷年積聚材料編為一冊，讓俞氏后人身體力行、代代相傳、發(fā)揚光大，讓家風(fēng)踐行永遠在路上。

2017年，瑞安廣場文化客廳成立，展示俞氏“讀書、慎行、清白、敬業(yè)、勤儉”10字家風(fēng)，并稱：“讀書是主線；慎行、清白是為人處世的準(zhǔn)則；敬業(yè)是落實處；勤儉是持家原則。”這是對俞氏家風(fēng)內(nèi)涵的簡明準(zhǔn)確概括。

Yu Family's Motto Emphasizes Important Virtues

By Cai Lingling

The Yu family in Rui'an in southeastern Zhejiang enjoyed a local reputation for about 200 years. The family moved to Rui'an from Shaoxing in the northeast of the province. It struggled for survival in Rui'an for generations. It was not until Yu Futang born in 1851,a seventh-generation descendent of the Yu family in Rui'an, that the family began to thrive thanks to a group of mottoes formulated by Yu Futang for all the family members to follow faithfully. Nowadays, the Yu family ranks with three other inf l uential families in Rui'an in local scholars' understanding of the history of Rui'an.

The ancestry of this branch of the Yu family in Rui'an can be traced to the Tang (618-907) and the Song (960-1279). After putting its roots down in Rui'an, the family prospered as a second-generation descendent made a fortune through trade. It went down in the world when it came to the fifth generation. It struggled in poverty when the sixth-generation descendents turned to scholarship. The family practiced medicine for four generations before it realized it needed a clear-cut set of family guidelines which would keep the family above the ups and downs of times. Yu Futang developed a motto that emphasized education, prudence and integrity as the most important precept that all the family members and future descendents must follow faithfully.

瑞安俞氏大沙堤舊居。A view of the former residence of the Yu clan in Rui'an

Scholars emerged from the family. Over decades, they wrote 49 books which amount to 8.56 million words. These books are carefully preserved. A poetry collection by Yu Futang is now in the collection of Wenzhou Library. The 120 poems in the collection are essentially about topics such as education, value, virtues such as integrity, family tradition, presenting a prominent difference from mainstream poems by other poets written about natural beauty, personal experience, history, sentiments, travel, borders, homesickness,and life vicissitudes.

Yu Futang was a late bloomer. His education started when he was a child. While working to make a living, he squeezed time to study. It was not until he was 24 that he was enrolled into a school supported by the government of Rui'an County. In his adult life,Yu taught as a private teacher. It is said that Dai Jiaxiang (1906-1998), a native of Rui'an who later became a historian and linguist specialized in the ancient Chinese, studied under the guidance of Yu Futang while Yu was employed by the Dai family to teach children in the family. Yu Futong became an official of the county school at 54. He lived to see the birth of the Republic of China in 1911.

Yu Chunru, a son of Yu Futang, wrote a memoir of his father. The junior said his father emphasized prudence and integrity as a guideline for everyday life. The father advised him to never step into litigations and never exploit the people's illiteracy for personal gains,never seek connections in high places to push down your neighbors.

After Yu Chunru passed the provincial examination which qualified him to government appointments, the father advised the son not to seek appointment to government positions. “Working as a government of ficial would be the easiest way to get corrupted. Moreover, you are young and ignorant of the world. If you got yourself into politics, you might easily hurt yourself and the reputation of the family. You'd better work as a teacher and promote Confucianism,”advised the father.

Yu Chunru worked as a teacher in a local middle school in Rui'an. Among his students were some revolutionaries who fought and died for the birth of New China. In 1937, he was engaged to compileAnnals of Rui'an County. In 1953, he was recruited as a scholar working for Zhejiang Institute of Culture and History.

Many descendents of the Yu family go down in the history of literature, history, culture. In 2005, Wenzhou Daily published a survey that categorized prominent people in various walks of life. Three Yu brothers were listed as best known writers who shared kinship.

Many descendents of the Yu family are now prominent figures.Yu Biao is an accomplished educator who has conducted many education projects. Yu Fan is a road construction engineer who has three patents under his name.

Yu Futang's not-to-do list sounds like a set of commandments such as never curry favor with those in power and in money, never go near a wasteful and extravagant way of life, and never tyrannize your neighbors by bringing them to lawsuits.

The family's mottos chief l y from Yu Futang might not be the best in China, but it served the family and reflected the time when the family tried to go through the world's vicissitudes and survive decently.

In 2015, the family looked back at the mottos written by their ancestors and simpli fied them into a five-word motto: education,prudence, integrity, dedication, thrift. The family members agree to hold fast to the motto and bring the family to the best possible future.